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Neuroscience
定量自动放射法测定维沃脑蛋白合成区域速率
定量自动放射法测定维沃脑蛋白合成区域速率
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Quantitative Autoradiographic Method for Determination of Regional Rates of Cerebral Protein Synthesis In Vivo

定量自动放射法测定维沃脑蛋白合成区域速率

Full Text
7,406 Views
11:01 min
June 28, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/58503-v

R. Michelle Saré1, Anita Torossian1, Michael Rosenheck1, Tianjian Huang1, Carolyn Beebe Smith1

1Section on Neuroadaptation and Protein Metabolism, National Institute of Mental Health,National Institutes of Health

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a quantitative autoradiographic method for measuring regional rates of protein synthesis in the brain using L-[1-14C]-leucine. The technique is applied in awake, behaving animals to investigate the brain's adaptive responses during development and neuroplasticity. This approach allows for simultaneous measurements across various brain regions.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Protein Synthesis
  • Methodological Advancements

Background

  • Protein synthesis is vital for cellular functions and adaptations.
  • Quantitative measurement in vivo is crucial for understanding brain plasticity.
  • Existing methods may not provide fully quantitative data.
  • This study addresses the need for precise measurement techniques.

Purpose of Study

  • To establish a robust method for determining protein synthesis rates in the brain.
  • To explore how these rates reflect neuroplastic changes in response to various stimuli.
  • To facilitate studies on the brain's adaptations during ongoing physiological processes.

Methods Used

  • The main platform involves quantitative autoradiography and the use of L-[1-14C]-leucine.
  • The study employs awake, behaving animals for realistic contextual measurements.
  • It involves surgical procedures to introduce catheters for tracer administration.
  • Blood samples are collected at various time points to quantify tracer dynamics.
  • Brain sections are prepared for autoradiography to assess regional synthesis rates.

Main Results

  • The methodological improvements allow for fully quantitative assessments of protein synthesis.
  • Initial tests confirm the feasibility of monitoring brain regions simultaneously.
  • Responses to long-term changes in behavior and development can be accurately tracked.
  • The findings enable deeper insights into the molecular basis of neuroplasticity.

Conclusions

  • This study establishes a precise quantitative method for assessing cerebral protein synthesis in vivo.
  • The approach enhances our understanding of neuroplastic mechanisms and brain adaptation.
  • Future applications may include fundamental investigations into various neurological conditions.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of the quantitative autoradiographic method?
This method allows for fully quantitative measurements in vivo, providing insights into protein synthesis rates across different brain regions simultaneously.
How is the tracer administered in the study?
The tracer is administered intravenously using a Y-connector setup with syringes for both the tracer and saline to ensure accurate delivery and flushing.
What biological outcomes can be derived from this method?
The method provides data on regional protein synthesis rates, which can reflect adaptive changes in the brain associated with development and neuroplasticity.
Are there any limitations to the method?
While the method is robust, it requires careful surgical procedures and handling to minimize stress and ensure accurate measurements during the study.
How can this technique be applied to other studies?
The quantitative autoradiographic method can be adapted for studies investigating various neurological conditions where understanding protein synthesis is vital for exploring disease mechanisms.
What type of data collection is involved in this study?
Timed arterial blood samples are collected at multiple intervals post-tracer administration to quantify tracer clearance and calculate synthesis rates.

蛋白质合成是细胞的关键生物过程。在大脑中,它是自适应变化所必需的。测量完整大脑中蛋白质合成率需要仔细的方法学考虑。这里我们介绍了L-[1-14C]-亮细胞定量自射方法,用于测定体内脑蛋白合成的区域速率。

测量脑蛋白合成的区域速率可以追踪大脑对发育和神经可塑性期间发生的长期变化的反应。我们的方法的优点是测量是完全定量的,他们是在清醒的行为动物。定量自动放射技术允许同时在所有大脑区域进行测量。

演示这个程序的将是我实验室的博士后研究员安妮塔·托罗西安和我们的动物外科医生黄天健。从准备手术开始,如文本协议中详述。一旦进入手术阶段,使用手术剪刀从左大腿上部中侧向中线切口切口一厘米,露出股动脉和静脉。

用手术皮肤钩在切口的上方和两侧收回松弛的皮肤。通过将皮钩贴在手术阶段,固定它们。将无菌 0.9% 氯化钠涂抹到暴露区域,以保持足够的水分。

使用钳子钝解剖,分离股动脉和静脉的一小部分周围的结缔组织。小心地分离动脉和静脉。现在使用钳子在切口的最横向点将一股可吸收缝合线串在股骨静脉和动脉下。

将缝合线拉过一半,使末端均匀。在腹股沟的更近点,使用钳子在股骨静脉下螺纹第二个缝合线。轻轻系上半结,用来限制血流。

在股A和股B之间的一个点,使用钳子在股骨静脉下螺纹第三个缝合线。轻轻打一个用于限制血液流动的满满结。小心不要撕裂静脉。

轻轻拖曳 B 链以限制血液流动。使用血缘轻轻拖曳链 B 以保持血液限制。现在,将 PE 管的非切端连接到 32 量表针和充满肝素盐水的 1 毫米注射器。

冲洗导管以清除气泡。用微型剪刀在股骨静脉的禁区内切一个小孔,并小心地将冲洗的PE八管的角端插入到股B上。一旦插入,释放股B的张力,引导导管进一步向上静脉。在包含导管的静脉周围拧紧链 B。

使用链 C,在导管周围再系一个结。确保这个结不会捕获股动脉。轻轻拉回注射器筒,以部分填充带血,以确保导管已正确植入,然后使用相同的程序将 PE 10 导管插入左股骨动脉。

股骨静脉和动脉导管都固定住后,将链A系成两个导管周围的结。切除所有多余的缝合线并去除皮钩后,用肝素盐水冲洗动脉导管,以防止凝血。将两个导管的末端烧化以创建密封件。

将鼠标放在易发位置,并在颈部底部进行一个小切口,将盐水涂在暴露区域。将空心金属棒从颈部切口潜到股骨切口。蛇导管通过空心棒和颈部切口。

取出空心棒后,用缝合关闭股骨切口,然后进行手术后镇痛。蛇导管通过一个30厘米的柔性空心管,使弹簧系绳,然后将弹簧系绳的按钮放在皮肤下,然后是手术后镇痛。在恢复期间,将鼠标移到一个清晰的圆柱形容器中,并配有旋转支座和手臂来装住鼠标。

在容器下面放置一个暖手器,以保持鼠标温暖。通过采集文本协议中详细显示的样本,确保小鼠在实验开始时处于正常生理状态。要静脉内施用示踪剂,请使用带注射器的 Y 连接器,注射器将 C 14 标有亮氨酸示踪剂连接到一只手臂,使用带 100 至 200 微升无菌盐水的注射器,以冲洗连接到另一只手臂的静脉线。

将 Y 连接器连接到静脉线。启动研究,同时启动停止观察,注射示踪剂,并收集及时动脉血样。注射后立即用盐水冲洗静脉线。

在实验前两分钟,以同样的方式连续采集一至七个血样。收集7个样本后,在剩余的样本之前收集30微升的死空间血。样本8至14分别采集3、5、10、15、30、45和60分钟。

在实验过程中,在实验过程中,处理三根管的内部标准,其中含有三分开的白血病和诺列素,详见文本协议。要量化血浆白化素浓度,请使用带钠阳离子交换柱的 HPLC 系统,使用带正面甲醛和面粉测量检测的柱后派生。列氨酸曲线下的区域与样品中列氨酸的浓度成正比。

使用与标准的比较来量化样品中的列氨酸浓度。然后使用液体闪烁计数器来量化血浆样品中每分钟的三氧化钛和 C 14 的分解。使用这些浓度从循环及其在动脉等离子体中特定活动的时间过程构造C14标记的白化素的间隙曲线。

从该图中计算动脉等离子体中标有白化特异性的集成 C 14。要进行定量自皮造影,请准备厚度为20微米的脑科。在零下20摄氏度的低温下通过低温恒温器切分大脑。

明胶涂层幻灯片上的解冻安装部分。固定幻灯片后,将幻灯片与一组以前校准的 C 14 标记的甲基丙烯酸酯标准一起安排在 X 射线胶片盒中。在黑暗的房间里,在安全的灯光下,放置一块X射线薄膜,乳液侧向下的两侧和标准。

密封盒式磁带,并放在黑色更换袋中。根据制造商的说明开发薄膜。不建议自动薄膜开发,因为背景可能不均匀,并且会影响定量。

根据薄膜上一组校准标准的光学密度值,构建光学密度与组织 C 14 浓度的校准曲线。将这些数据拟合于多项式。第二度或第三度多项式方程非常合适。

要分析特定的大脑区域,请通过与大脑图集进行比较,将感兴趣区域或 ROI 定位在六到八个部分。记录所有部分中 ROI 中像素的光学密度。根据校准曲线,计算每个像素中的组织 C 14 浓度。

最后,从平均组织C14浓度中计算脑蛋白合成的区域速率,在未标记和标记的白化素在t和兰巴的动脉血浆浓度积分中,在ROI中计算。来自血浆的组织前体池中列氨酸的分数。这里展示的具有代表性的图像来自车辆处理的动物相比,用食isoncin治疗的动物,蛋白质合成的抑制剂。

蛋白质合成速率与图像中的黑暗程度成正比。阿尼索霉素大幅降低脑蛋白合成的测量速率,表明这种方法的特异性。在这里,数字化的自动放射图显示在海马和下丘脑水平的清醒行为鼠标。

较暗区域脑蛋白合成的区域率较高。此处显示的是一个数字化的自动放射图,来自一个清醒的行为控制鼠标在后海马的水平上。根据色条,脑蛋白合成速率在图像中涂上颜色。

在尝试此程序时,请务必确保动物在测量过程中处于正常的生理状态。我们的方法已经证明,在神经发育障碍,如脆弱X综合征,蛋白质合成的不管制。它也可能是退行性变化和条件,如阿尔茨海默病的有用标记。

蛋白质合成方法可与交替部分的免疫组织化学结合使用,将蛋白质合成的变化与特定蛋白质的区域变化相关。综上关于定量自放射图L-1 C 14白化素法的精确测定,是准确测定体内蛋白质合成区域速率的的理想方法。它在准确性和对体内条件的适用性方面具有相当大的优势。

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