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Bioengineering
包封狂犬病抗原的脉冲聚合物微粒的制备
包封狂犬病抗原的脉冲聚合物微粒的制备
JoVE Journal
Bioengineering
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Bioengineering
Fabrication of Pulsatile Polymeric Microparticles Encapsulating Rabies Antigen

包封狂犬病抗原的脉冲聚合物微粒的制备

Full Text
1,688 Views
07:44 min
May 12, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/65147-v

Tyler P. Graf*1, Kadryn Kadasia*2, Sarah Melhorn1, Eliza Kessler3, Haisong Yang2, Tsvetelina Baryakova1, Samantha Brady2, Kevin J. McHugh1,4

1Department of Bioengineering,Rice University, 2Particles for Humanity, 3IMPACT Technology Development, 4Department of Chemistry,Rice University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This method describes the encapsulation of the rabies antigen into biodegradable polymeric microparticles that enable pulsatile release after a predetermined delay. This approach could facilitate the administration of multiple dose vaccines in a single injection, improving immunization access in low-and middle-income countries.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Vaccine delivery systems
  • Biodegradable polymers
  • Immunology

Background

  • Rabies is a fatal disease requiring multiple vaccine doses.
  • Current vaccination schedules can be challenging for adherence.
  • Encapsulation techniques can enhance vaccine stability and delivery.
  • Single-injection solutions could save lives in underserved regions.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a method for encapsulating rabies vaccine antigens.
  • To create a delivery system that mimics traditional vaccination schedules.
  • To improve vaccine adherence and accessibility.

Methods Used

  • Fabrication of PDMS molds for microparticle production.
  • Preparation of PLGA films and particles for antigen encapsulation.
  • Use of piezoelectric dispensers for filling particles with vaccine.
  • Sealing and harvesting of filled microparticles for stability testing.

Main Results

  • Particles were successfully filled with rabies vaccine antigen.
  • Approximately 69% of the antigen remained bioactive post-encapsulation.
  • Sealing times were optimized for maintaining particle integrity.
  • Microparticles demonstrated suitable size for injection through standard needles.

Conclusions

  • This method offers a promising platform for vaccine delivery.
  • Single-injection vaccines could enhance immunization rates.
  • Further studies are needed to explore the application of this technology for other therapeutics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of this study?
This study presents a method for encapsulating rabies vaccine antigens, potentially allowing for single-injection vaccination.
How does the encapsulation process work?
The process involves creating biodegradable microparticles that release the vaccine in a controlled manner.
What are the benefits of using biodegradable polymers?
Biodegradable polymers enhance vaccine stability and reduce the need for multiple injections.
How was the vaccine antigen verified?
The presence of intact rabies virus glycoprotein was confirmed using ELISA.
What challenges does this method address?
It addresses challenges in vaccine access and adherence in low-resource settings.
Can this method be applied to other vaccines?
Yes, this technique represents a platform technology for various therapeutics.

该方法描述了将狂犬病抗原封装到具有结构和材料特性的可生物降解聚合物微粒中,这些微粒能够在预定延迟后实现脉动释放。对从颗粒核心回收的抗原进行酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 评估,通过颗粒制造证实存在完整的三聚体狂犬病病毒糖蛋白。

这种方法的意义在于,它可用于单次注射多剂疫苗,有可能挽救数百万人的生命,特别是在新生儿因获取挑战而未接种疫苗的低收入和中等收入国家。这种制造方法允许狂犬病疫苗在封装在微粒中时保留其天然免疫力,微粒的释放模仿当前的疫苗接种计划,只需一次注射。狂犬病是一种致命的疾病,在某些情况下需要多达五次重复注射疫苗才能防止死亡。

然而,在一次就诊中实施完整的疫苗接种方案可以提高依从性并挽救生命。该技术代表了一种平台技术,能够为各种疾病提供多种疗法或预防措施。首先,通过将3D打印的母模表面放置在包含载玻片的真空室中来处理3D打印的母模表面,表面有40微升三氯氢硅。

开始吸尘一小时。将PDMS预聚物基料和固化剂以9:1的质量比混合到塑料杯中。然后,将溶液转移到50毫升管中,并在室温下离心300G三分钟。

离心后,确保溶液澄清。表面处理完成后,将母模放入铝箔盘中,将未固化的PDMS倒在模具上,确保特征完全浸没。将铝箔盘放入真空室中,拉动真空一小时以去除任何气泡。

取下铝箔培养皿后,在母模的每一端放置 800 微米的垫片,并将干净的载玻片覆盖在母模上,避免气泡。使用粘合剂夹将模具夹在 800 微米的垫片上。将预聚物在120摄氏度的烤箱中固化四个小时。

固化后,小心地松开粘合剂夹。使用剃须刀片将母模与固化的PDMS模具分离。为了制备PLGA薄膜,将450毫克PLGA放在环垫片内的不粘聚合物片上。

然后,在PLGA上覆盖第二块不粘聚合物板,并使用101.6毫米C形夹压缩两个铝块之间的堆栈,直到手指紧固。将 C 型夹紧组件放入真空烘箱中。在烤箱中放置 30 分钟后,拧紧夹子并将其放回原处 30 分钟。

然后,将组件转移到干燥器中冷却四个小时。冷却后,松开夹子,从不粘聚合物片上取下PLGA膜,然后将其放入标记的培养皿中。将培养皿储存在干燥器内以备后用。

要生成 PLGA 颗粒,请如前所述处理 PDMS 模具表面。使用镊子或手术刀,将250微米的PLGA薄膜切割成大约颗粒阵列的大小,并将其放在处理过的PDMS模具上。将干净的玻璃显微镜载玻片覆盖在PDMS模具顶部的PLGA胶片上,并通过在阵列和PLGA胶片上放置弹簧夹将它们固定在一起。

将夹紧的模具组件在真空烤箱中保持一小时,然后在室温下冷却 15 分钟。冷却后,使用剃须刀片轻轻施加压力,将PDMS模具与PLGA颗粒阵列分离,并将PLGA颗粒储存在干燥器中以备将来使用。为了用浓缩的狂犬病疫苗抗原填充颗粒,准备压电分配器并将含有PLGA颗粒的载玻片放入分配区域。

将浓缩的抗原加载到板上,然后输入目标设置参数并单击运行。然后压电机器人将填充颗粒。完成后,使用立体镜验证粒子是否已填充。

为了密封填充的颗粒,将不锈钢块放在热板上,将两个平行的显微镜载玻片放在不锈钢块上。调平不锈钢块后,打开热板并将温度设置为205摄氏度。一旦达到不锈钢所需的表面温度,将填充的PLGA颗粒悬浮在两个载玻片上,并立即启动计时器18秒。

从热板上取出密封的颗粒阵列后,将其悬挂在实验室工作台上的两个载玻片上并冷却一分钟。要收获密封的颗粒,请将手术刀刀片与载玻片成 45 度角,并对颗粒底部施加压力以将它们与载玻片分开。使用手术刀将收获的颗粒移动到0.5毫升低蛋白结合管中。

加入250微升含有牛血清白蛋白和葡萄糖的PBS,以维持狂犬病疫苗的稳定性 将样品放在立体镜下,并使用一对细尖镊子上的一个爪子粉碎颗粒。在颗粒填充过程中,需要足够的干燥时间才能完全蒸发溶剂或水。干燥后,溶质库保留在颗粒核心的底部。

在18至24秒的上限时间之间观察到颗粒的理想形态,因为含有货物的颗粒在这些时间是完全密封的,而不会失去颗粒结构。颗粒足够小,在正确包装和密封时可以轻松放入 19 号针中。此外,当将10个颗粒注入粘性溶液(例如2%羧甲基纤维素)中时,它们一致地流过19号针头。

透射电子显微照片显示浓缩抗原样品中存在完整的狂犬病变异,这些变异体的浓度约为起始储备溶液的 4.4 倍。密封后,大约69%的抗原仍以其生物活性形式包封,这表明热应激在密封过程中会导致显着损失,但大多数病毒抗原保持完整。微粒填充是最关键的步骤之一。

如果颗粒未正确填充,则颗粒不太可能正确密封。为了了解稳定性,需要额外的配方开发,包括颗粒核心中的赋形剂和其他生物相关材料。

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