Abstract
Les neutrophiles, les plus abondants de tous les globules blancs dans la circulation humaine, jouent un rôle important dans la défense de l'hôte contre les micro-organismes envahissants. De plus, les neutrophiles jouent un rôle central dans la surveillance immunitaire des cellules tumorales. Ils ont la capacité de reconnaître des cellules tumorales et induire la mort des cellules tumorales, soit par un mécanisme de contact cellule-dépendant impliquant le peroxyde d'hydrogène ou par cytotoxicité à médiation cellulaire dépendante des anticorps (ADCC). Les neutrophiles ayant une activité anti-tumeur peut être isolé à partir du sang périphérique de patients atteints de cancer et des souris porteuses de tumeurs. Ces neutrophiles sont appelés neutrophiles tumorales entraînées (RTE) pour les distinguer des neutrophiles de sujets en bonne santé ou de souris naïves qui montrent pas d'activité cytotoxique significative de la tumeur. En comparaison avec d'autres globules blancs, des neutrophiles montrent flottabilité différente ce qui rend possible l'obtention d'un> 98% de la population de neutrophiles pur lorsqu'il est soumis à un gradient de densité. Cependant, en pluspour la population de neutrophiles à haute densité normale (HDN), chez les patients atteints de cancer, chez des souris porteuses de tumeurs, ainsi que dans des conditions inflammatoires chroniques, les populations de neutrophiles basse densité distincts (LDN) figurent dans la circulation. LDN co-purifient avec la fraction mononucléaire et peut être séparé à partir des cellules mononucléaires en utilisant soit des stratégies de sélection positive ou négative. Une fois que la pureté des neutrophiles isolés est déterminée par cytométrie de flux, ils peuvent être utilisés pour in vitro et in vivo des essais fonctionnels. Nous décrivons des techniques de surveillance de l'activité anti-tumorale de cellules neutrophiles, de leur capacité à migrer et à produire des espèces réactives de l'oxygène, ainsi que le suivi de leur capacité de phagocytose ex vivo. Nous décrivons en outre des techniques d'étiqueter les neutrophiles pour le suivi in vivo, et de déterminer leur capacité anti-métastatique in vivo. Toutes ces techniques sont essentielles pour comprendre comment obtenir et caractériser les neutrophiles avec anti-tumeurfonction.
Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| CELL LINES | |||
| Mouse 4T1 breast carcinoma cells | ADCC | CRL-2539 | Growth medium: DMEM + 10 % heat-inactivated FBS |
| PLASTIC WARES AND EQUIPMENTS | |||
| 24-well Tissue Culture Plate | Falcon | 353047 | Sterile |
| 100 mm Tissue Culture Plate | Corning | 430167 | Sterile |
| 25 cm2 Tissue Culture Flask | Nunc | 156340 | Sterile |
| 90 mm Bacterial Grade Culture Dish | Miniplast, Ein Shemer, Israel | 20090-01-017 | Sterile |
| 15 ml Sterile Conical Centrifuge Tube | Miniplast, Ein Shemer, Israel | 835015-40-111 | Sterile |
| 50 ml Sterile Conical Centrifuge Tube | Miniplast, Ein Shemer, Israel | 835050-21-111 | Sterile |
| Falcon 12 x 75 mm Round-Bottom Polystyrene Tube | Becton Dickinson | 352058 | Sterile |
| Millicell 24 Migration Plate with a pore size of 5μm | Merck Millipore | PSMT010R1 | Sterile |
| White 96-Flat-Bottom Well Plate | Costar | 3917 | Sterile |
| Cell Strainer (40 mm) | BD Falcon | 352340 | Sterile |
| 20G x 1.5" Needle | BD Microlance 3 | 301300 | Sterile |
| 23G x 1" Needle | BD Microlance 4 | 300800 | Sterile |
| 25G x 5/8" Needle | BD Microlance 5 | 300600 | Sterile |
| 0.3 ml Syringe with a 30G x 8mm Needle | BD Micro-Fine Plus Demi | 320829 | Sterile |
| 9 mm Clips | BD, AutoClip | 427631 | Sterile |
| EasySep Magnet | STEMCELL Technologies | 18000 | |
| MACS LS Separation Column | Miltenyi Biotech | 130-042-201 | Sterile |
| MidiMACS Separator Magnet | Miltenyi Biotech | 130-042-302 | |
| MACS MultiStand | Miltenyi Biotech | 130-042-303 | |
| Microscope Glass Slide | Menzel-Gläser Superfrost Plus Thermo | J1800AMNZ | |
| Orbital Shaker | Sky line, ELMI | S-3.02.10L | |
| Plate Reader | TECAN | InfiniteF200Pro | |
| POWDER | |||
| Bovine serum albumin (BSA), fraction V | Sigma | A7906 | |
| Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) | BD Pharmingen | 550891 | Sterile |
| CFSE (5-(and 6-)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester) | Molecular Probes | C1157 | |
| Dextran T500 | Sigma | 31392 | |
| Heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa | Sigma | H3149 | |
| Sodium azide (NaN3) | Sigma | S8032 | Highly toxic, handle with care |
| Thioglycollate powder | Difco | 225650 | |
| Zymosan A | Sigma | Z4250 | |
| MEDIA AND SUPPLEMENTS | |||
| Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM) | Sigma | D5796 | Sterile |
| Opti-MEM® I reduced serum medium | Life Technologies | 31985062 | Sterile |
| Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium | Sigma | R8758 | Sterile |
| Foetal bovine serum (FBS), heat-inactivated | Sigma | F9665 | Sterile |
| L-Glutamine | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 03-020-1A | Sterile |
| Sodium pyruvate | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 03-042-1B | Sterile |
| Penicillin Streptomycin x 1000 solution | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 03-031-5 | Sterile |
| Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) without Mg2+ and Ca2+ | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 02-023-1 | Sterile |
| PBS x 10 without Ca2+ and Mg2+ | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 02-023-5A | Sterile |
| HPLC grade water | J.T. Baker | 4218-03 | Autoclave |
| SOLUTIONS | |||
| ACK – Ammonium-Chloride-Potassium | Life Technologies | A10492-01 | |
| Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) solution (10 mg/ml) in PBS | Dissolve 10 mg of BrdU in 1 ml PBS and sterile filter. | ||
| CFSE, 5 mM in DMSO | Dissolve 2.8 mg of CFSE in 1 ml DMSO. Divide into 10 ml aliquots in sterile 200 ml tubes and store in the dark at -20oC. | ||
| Eosin Y solution | Sigma | HT110-2-32 | |
| Hanks' balanced salt solution | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 02-016-1A | Sterile |
| Heparin, 20 mg/ml in PBS | Dissolve 100 mg Heparin in 5 ml sterile PBS, and sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| Histopaque-1119 | Sigma | 11191 | Sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. |
| Histopaque-1077 | Sigma | 10771 | Sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. |
| Luciferase cell culture lysis buffer x5 | Promega | E153A | Dilute 1:5 in sterile water just before use. |
| Luciferase assay solution | Promega | E1501 | Contains luciferase assay substrate powder (E151A) and luciferase assay buffer (E152A) |
| Mayer's Hematoxylin solution | Sigma | MHS-32 | |
| PBS + 0.5% BSA | Dissolve 2.5 g BSA in 500 ml PBS, and sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| PBS + 1% BSA | Dissolve 1g BSA in 100 ml PBS, and sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| 5x PBS with 2.5% BSA | Dissolve 12.5g BSA in a mixture of 250 ml sterile HPLC-grade water and 250 ml PBSx10, and sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA | Dissolve 250 mg BSA in 50 ml sterile PBS and add 200 ml of 0.5M EDTA pH 8.0, sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| FACS buffer (PBS containing 0.5% BSA, 2 mM EDTA and 0.02% NaN3) | Dissolve 250 mg BSA in 50 ml sterile PBS and add 200 ml of 0.5M EDTA pH 8.0 and 500 ml of 2% NaN3, sterile filter through a 0.2 mm filter. | ||
| Saline (0.9% NaCl) | Dissolve 9 g NaCl in 1,000 ml ddw, autoclave | ||
| 0.2% NaCl solution | Dissolve 2 g NaCl in 1,000 ml ddw, autoclave | ||
| 1.6% NaCl solution | Dissolve 16 g NaCl in 1,000 ml ddw, autoclave | ||
| 2 % Sodium azide | Dissolve 1g sodium azide in 50 ml sterile ddw, keep at 4oC. Highly toxic. | ||
| 3% Thioglycollate solution | Dissolve 3 g of thioglycollate powder in 100 ml ddw. Boil until solution becomes yellow and autoclave. | ||
| Trypan blue solution (0.4%) | Sigma | T8154 | Dilute 1:10 in PBS to get a 0.04% solution. |
| Trypsin solution B | Biological Industries, Beth HaEmek, Israel | 03-046-1 | Sterile |
| 1 mg/ml Zymosan A | Resuspend 1 mg Zymosan A in 1 ml sterile PBS in an Eppendorf tube. Vortex vigorously and incubate the tube at 37 oC for 30 min. Do not autoclave. Prepare the solution freshly before use. | ||
| KITS | |||
| EasySep PE selection kit | STEMCELL Technologies | 18557 | |
| EasySep PE selection cocktail | STEMCELL Technologies | 18151 | |
| the EasySep magnetic nanoparticles | STEMCELL Technologies | 18150 | |
| Anti-Ly6G mouse MicroBead Kit | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-092-332 | |
| EasySep Mouse Neutrophil Enrichment Kit | STEMCELL Technologies | 19762 | |
| EasySep Human Neutrophil Enrichment Kit | STEMCELL Technologies | 19257 | |
| FITC BrdU flow kit | BD Pharmingen | 559619 | |
| MACS Neutrophil isolation kit | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-097-658 | |
| Phagocytosis Assay Kit | Cayman Chemical Company | 500290 | |
| ANTIBODIES | |||
| FcR blocking antibody | Biolegend | 101302 | |
| Purified rat anti-Ly6G antibody | BD Pharmingen | 551459 | Clone 1A8 |
| PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse Ly6G antibody | Biolegend | 127608 | Clone 1A8 |
| FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse Ly6G | BD Pharmingen | 551460 | Clone 1A8 |
| PerCP-Cy5.5 rat anti-mouse Ly6G | TONBO Biosciences | 65-1276 | Clone 1A8 |
| violetFluor 450-conjugated rat anti-mouse Ly6G | TONBO Biosciences | 75-1276 | Clone 1A8 |
| FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD11b | BD Pharmingen | 553310 | Clone M1/70 |
| FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse Ly-6G and Ly-6C (GR-1) | BD Pharmingen | 553127 | Clone RB6-8C5 |
| PE-conjugated rat anti-mouse CD45 | BD Pharmingen | 553081 | Clone 30-F11 |
| FITC-conjugated rat anti-mouse F4/80 | Abcam | ab60343 | Clone BM8 |
| FITC-conjugated mouse anti-human CD66b | Biolegend | 305103 | Clone G10F5 |
| Purified rat isotype control antibody (IgG2a, k) | BD Pharmingen | 553927 | Clone R35-95 |
| LEAF purified Armenian hamster anti-mouse CD3e antibody | BioLegend | 100314 | Clone 145-2C11 |
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