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National Taiwan University

41 articles published in JoVE

Biochemistry

Uracil-DNA Glycosylase Assay by Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis Hui-Lan Chang*¹, Kang-Yi Su*^1,2, Steven D. Goodman³, Wern-Cherng Cheng², Liang-In Lin^1,2, Ya-Chien Yang^1,2, Sui-Yuan Chang^1,2, Woei-horng Fang^1,2 ¹Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, ³Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and the Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University A non-labeled, non-radio-isotopic method to assay uracil-DNA glycosylase activity was developed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for direct apurinic/apyrimidinic site-containing product analysis. The assay proved to be quite simple, specific, rapid, and easy to use for DNA glycosylase measurement.
Medicine

High-Throughput Optical Controlling and Recording Calcium Signal in iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Toxicity Testing and Phenotypic Drug Screening Yu-Fen Chang¹, Wan-Chi Su¹, Chih-Chuan Su¹, Min-Wen Chung¹, Jin Chang², You-Yi Li³, Yi-Ju Kao³, Wen-Pin Chen³, Matthew J. Daniels^4,5,6 ¹LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., ²NEXEL Co., Ltd., ³Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁴Manchester Heart Centre, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, ⁵Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, ⁶Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Manchester The present protocol describes all-optical control and observation of triggered cellular activity in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) for high throughput drug screening and toxicity testing. Multi-parametric quantification of phenotypic patterns in time, and space, are shown. Long-term effects of drugs over hours, or sequential measurements over days, are demonstrated.
Environment

An Application for Pairing with Wearable Devices to Monitor Personal Health Status Yu-Chen Yeh¹, Ang Yeh¹, Shih-Han Hung¹, Chia-Ching Wu², Yu-Hsin Tung¹, Sung-Yueh Liu¹, William C. Sullivan^2,3, Chun-Yen Chang¹ ¹Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Illinois, Champaign, ³Smart, Healthy Community Initiative, Office of the Provost, University of Illinois, Champaign The present protocol introduces a non-commercial self-developed application for collecting real-time on-site data, including psychological scales, GPS location, heart rate, and blood-oxygen saturation level, as well as the application's operating procedures. An empirical study conducted in Taiwan in 2020 was used as an application example.
Biology

Isolation and Characterization of Intact Phycobilisome in Cyanobacteria Han-Wei Jiang¹, Ming-Yang Ho^1,2 ¹Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, ²Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University The current protocol details the isolation of phycobilisomes from cyanobacteria by centrifugation through a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The fractions of intact phycobilisomes are confirmed by 77K fluorescent emission spectrum and SDS-PAGE analysis. The resulting phycobilisome fractions are suitable for negative staining of TEM and mass spectrometry analysis.
Biochemistry

Preparation of High-Temperature Sample Grids for Cryo-EM Yuan-Chih Chang^1,2, Chin-Yu Chen^3,4, Ming-Daw Tsai^1,5 ¹Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, ²Academia Sinica Cryo-EM Facility, Academia Sinica, ³Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, ⁴Hubei University, ⁵Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University This paper provides a detailed protocol for preparing sample grids at temperatures as high as 70 °C, prior to plunge freezing for cryo-EM experiments.
Bioengineering

A Custom Multiphoton Microscopy Platform for Live Imaging of Mouse Cornea and Conjunctiva Yueh-Feng Wu¹, Rai-Teng Ye¹, Ming-Kai Pan^2,3, Sung-Jan Lin*^1,3,4,5, Hsin-Yuan Tan*^6,7 ¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ³Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, ⁴Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, ⁵Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁶Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, ⁷College of Medicine, Chang Gung University Presented here is a multiphoton microscopic platform for live mouse ocular surface imaging. Fluorescent transgenic mouse enables the visualization of cell nuclei, cell membranes, nerve fibers and capillaries within the ocular surface. Non-linear second harmonic generation signals derived from collagenous structures provide label-free imaging for stromal architectures.
Bioengineering

A Spine Robotic-Assisted Navigation System for Pedicle Screw Placement Hsuan-Yu Chen^1,2,3, Xiu-Yun Xiao⁴, Chih-Wei Chen^1,4, Hao-Kai Chou^1,4, Chen-Yu Sung⁴, Feng Huei Lin¹, Po-Quang Chen², Tze-hong Wong² ¹Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, ³Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Biomedical Park Branch, ⁴Point Robotics MedTech Inc. This article presents a standardized surgical technique for robotic-assisted pedicle screw placement by using robotic-assisted navigational systems. We present a step-by-step protocol and describe the workflow and precautions of this procedure.
Behavior

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks Tuyuan Cheng¹, Jei-Tun Wu² ¹General Education Center, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, ²Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University Here, we present a protocol employing dual-modal interference tasks to examine online processing of spoken-Chinese relative clause sentences. Two exemplar experiments involving auditory processing with intra- and extrasentential interferences are described. The paradigm provides a methodology for addressing the nature of working memory and its effects on sentence processing.
Environment

Standard Operating Procedure for Lyssavirus Surveillance of the Bat Population in Taiwan Wei-Cheng Hsu¹, Chao-Lung Hsu^2,3, Yang-Chang Tu¹, Jen-Chieh Chang¹, Kwok-Rong Tsai¹, Fan Lee¹, Shu-Chia Hu¹ ¹Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, ²Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, ³Bat Conservation Society of Taipei This protocol introduces a standard laboratory operating procedure for diagnostic testing of lyssavirus antigens in bats in Taiwan.
Behavior

Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke Gong-Hong Lin¹, Yi-Jing Huang¹, Yeh-Tai Chou², Hsin-Yu Chiang³, Ching-Lin Hsieh^1,4,5 ¹School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ²Research Center for Psychological and Educational Testing, National Taiwan Normal University, ³Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, ⁴Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, ⁵Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University Here, we present a protocol to develop the computerized adaptive testing system of the functional assessment of stroke (CAT-FAS). The CAT-FAS can simultaneously assess four functions (two motor functions [upper and lower extremities], postural control, and basic activities of daily living) with sufficient reliability and administrative efficiency.
Chemistry

Extending the Lifespan of Soluble Lead Flow Batteries with a Sodium Acetate Additive Yan-Ting Lin¹, Wei-Cheng Kuo¹, Chun-Yen Lee¹, Hao-Lun Tan¹, Hsun-Yi Chen¹, Ho-Wei Chan¹, Yong-Hong Lai¹, Kai-Rui Pan¹ ¹Bio-industrial Mechatronics Engineering Department, National Taiwan University A protocol for the construction of a soluble lead flow battery with an extended lifespan, in which sodium acetate is supplied in the methanesulfonic electrolyte as an additive, is presented.
Environment

Use of Autometallography to Localize and Semi-Quantify Silver in Cetacean Tissues Wen-Ta Li¹, Bang-Yeh Liou¹, Wei-Cheng Yang², Meng-Hsien Chen³, Hui-Wen Chang^1,2, Hue-Ying Chiou⁴, Victor Fei Pang^1,2, Chian-Ren Jeng^1,2 ¹Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, National Taiwan University, ²School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, ³Department of Oceanography and Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, ⁴Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University A protocol is presented to localize Ag in cetacean liver and kidney tissues by autometallography. Furthermore, a new assay, named the cetacean histological Ag assay (CHAA) is developed to estimate the Ag concentrations in those tissues.
Chemistry

An Efficient Sample Preparation Method to Enhance Carbohydrate Ion Signals in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Yu-Meng Ou^1,2, Shu-Yun Kuo¹, Hsun Lee¹, Huan-Tsung Chang², Yi-Sheng Wang¹ ¹Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, ²Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University A protocol for enhancing carbohydrate ion signals in MALDI mass spectrometry by reforming crystalline structures during sample preparation processes is demonstrated.
Biochemistry

Proofreading and DNA Repair Assay Using Single Nucleotide Extension and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Analysis Kang-Yi Su*^1,2, Steven D. Goodman*³, Hung-Ming Lai¹, Rong-Syuan Yen¹, Wei-Yao Hu¹, Wern-Cherng Cheng², Liang-In Lin^1,2, Ya-Chien Yang^1,2, Woei-Horng Fang^1,2 ¹Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, ³Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital and the Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University A non-labeled, non-radio-isotopic method for DNA polymerase proofreading and a DNA repair assay was developed by using high-resolution MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and a single nucleotide extension strategy. The assay proved to be very specific, simple, rapid, and easy to perform for proofreading and repair patches shorter than 9-nucleotides.
Environment

A Novel Method for the Pentosan Analysis Present in Jute Biomass and Its Conversion into Sugar Monomers Using Acidic Ionic Liquid Babasaheb M. Matsagar¹, Shahriar A. Hossain^2,3, Tofazzal Islam⁴, Yusuke Yamauchi^2,3,5,6, Kevin C.-W. Wu¹ ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), ³Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, ⁴Department of Biotechnology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, ⁵School of Chemical Engineering & Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, ⁶Department of Plant and Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University We present a protocol for the synthesis of C5 sugars (xylose and arabinose) from a renewable non-edible lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., jute) with the presence of Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (BAILs) as the catalyst in water. The BAILs catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance than conventional mineral acid catalysts (H2SO4 and HCl).
Neuroscience

Visualization of Motor Axon Navigation and Quantification of Axon Arborization In Mouse Embryos Using Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy Ee Shan Liau*^1,2, Ya-Ping Yen*^2,3, Jun-An Chen^1,2 ¹Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, ²Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, ³Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University Here, we describe a protocol for visualizing motor neuron projection and axon arborization in transgenic Hb9::GFP mouse embryos. After immunostaining for motor neurons, we used light sheet fluorescence microscopy to image embryos for subsequent quantitative analysis. This protocol is applicable to other neuron navigation processes in the central nervous system.
Biology

Practical Use of RNA Interference: Oral Delivery of Double-stranded RNA in Liposome Carriers for Cockroaches Jia-Hsin Huang¹, Yun Liu¹, Yu-Hsien Lin^1,2,3, Xavier Belles⁴, How-Jing Lee¹ ¹Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, ²Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Sciences, ³Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, ⁴Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-UPF This manuscript demonstrates the depletion of gene expression in the midgut of the German cockroach through oral ingestion of double-stranded RNA encapsulated in liposomes.
Engineering

Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells Ming-Yi Lin¹, Shang-Hsuan Wu², Li-Jen Hsiao³, Widhya Budiawan², Shih-Lun Chen⁴, Wei-Chen Tu⁴, Chia-Yen Lee¹, Yia-Chung Chang², Chih-Wei Chu² ¹Department of Electrical Engineering, National United University, ²Research Center of Applied Science, Academia Sinica, ³Department of Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, ⁴Department of Electronic Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University This manuscript describes how to design and fabricate efficient inverted SMPV1:PC71BM solar cells with ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown on a high quality Al-doped ZnO (AZO) seed layer. The well-aligned vertically oriented ZnO NRs exhibit high crystalline properties. The power conversion efficiency of solar cells can reach 6.01%.
Environment

An Ultra-clean Multilayer Apparatus for Collecting Size Fractionated Marine Plankton and Suspended Particles Liang-Saw Wen¹, Chih-Ping Lee¹, Wen-Huei Lee¹, Alan Chuang² ¹Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, ²Sino Instruments Co., Ltd. Plankton and suspended particles play a major role in the biogeochemical cycles in the ocean. Here, we provide an ultra-clean, low stress method for the collection of various sizes of particles and plankton at sea with the capability of handling large volumes of seawater.
Genetics

Transient Expression of Foreign Genes in Insect Cells (sf9) for Protein Functional Assay Ju-Chun Chang¹, Se Jin Lee², Jae Su Kim², Chung-Hsiung Wang³, Yu-Shin Nai¹ ¹Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, ²Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, ³Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University This protocol describes a heat shock-induced protein expression system (pDHsp/V5-His/sf9 cell system), which can be used for either expressing foreign proteins or evaluating the anti-apoptotic activity of potential foreign proteins and their truncated amino acids in insect cells.
Biology

3D Mitochondrial Ultrastructure of Drosophila Indirect Flight Muscle Revealed by Serial-section Electron Tomography Yi-fan Jiang¹, Hsiang-ling Lin², Chi-yu Fu² ¹Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, ²Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica In this protocol, we demonstrate the application of serial-section electron tomography to elucidate mitochondrial structure in Drosophila indirect flight muscle.
Engineering

Preparation of Large-area Vertical 2D Crystal Hetero-structures Through the Sulfurization of Transition Metal Films for Device Fabrication Chong-Rong Wu^1,2, Tung-Wei Chu^2,3, Kuan-Chao Chen^1,2, Shih-Yen Lin^1,2 ¹Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, ³Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University Through the sulfurization of pre-deposited transition metals, large-area and vertical 2D crystal hetero-structures can be fabricated. The film transferring and device fabrication procedures are also demonstrated in this report.
Bioengineering

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation Hua-De Gao^1,2, Pounraj Thanasekaran¹, Tzu-Ho Chen^1,2, Yu-Hsu Chang³, Yu-Ju Chen^1,2, Hsien-Ming Lee¹ ¹Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, ²Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, ³Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology In this protocol, caged protein kinase A (PKA), a cellular signal transduction bioeffector, was immobilized on a nanoparticle surface, microinjected into the cytosol, and activated by the upconverted UV light from near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, inducing downstream stress fiber disintegration in the cytosol.
Bioengineering

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release Chih-Yu Kuo¹, Ting-Yu Liu², Kuan-Syun Wang², Andri Hardiansyah³, Yen-Ting Lin⁴, Hsueh-Yung Chen⁴, Wen-Yen Chiu^1,4,5 ¹Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, ³Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology and Science, ⁴Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, ⁵Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University This manuscript describes the preparation of magnetic and thermal-sensitive microgels via a temperature-induced emulsion without chemical reaction. These sensitive microgels were synthesized by mixing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), polyethylenimine (PEI) and Fe3O4-NH2 nanoparticles for the potential use in magnetically and thermally triggered drug-release.
Engineering

Preparation of Janus Particles and Alternating Current Electrokinetic Measurements with a Rapidly Fabricated Indium Tin Oxide Electrode Array Yu-Liang Chen¹, Hong-Ren Jiang¹ ¹Institute of Applied Mechanics, National Taiwan University In this article, a simple method to prepare partially or fully coated metallic particles and to perform AC electrokinetic property measurements with a rapidly fabricated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode array is demonstrated.
Engineering

Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns Sujith Kumar C.S.*¹, Yao Wen Chang*¹, Ping-Hei Chen¹ ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University Pool-boiling heat-transfer experiments were carried out to observe the effects of hybrid wettable patterns on the heat-transfer coefficient (HTC). The parameters of investigation are the number of interlines and the pattern orientation of the modified wettable surface.
Behavior

Manipulation of Epileptiform Electrocorticograms (ECoGs) and Sleep in Rats and Mice by Acupuncture Pei-Lu Yi*¹, Shuo-Bin Jou*², Yi-Jou Wu³, Fang-Chia Chang^3,4,5 ¹Department of Sports, Health & Leisure, College of Tourism, Leisure and Sports, Aletheia University, Tainan Campus, ²Department of Neurology, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medical College, ³Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁴Graduate Institute of Brain & Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁵Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University This paper demonstrates the performance of acupuncture, epilepsy models, and the analysis of sleep in rodents. The acupuncture procedure and the identification of acupoints are described. Pilocarpine or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is used to induce epilepsy. Electrocorticogram (ECoG), electromyogram (EMG), brain temperature, and locomotor activity recordings are employed for sleep analysis.
Immunology and Infection

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity Shiang-Jong Tzeng¹ ¹Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Human peripheral blood is commonly used for the assessment of the humoral immune response. Here, the methods for isolating human B cells from peripheral blood, differentiating human B cells into antibody (Ab)-secreting B cells (ASCs) in culture, and enumerating the total IgM- and IgG-ASCs via an ELISpot assay are described.
Medicine

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats Hui-Chun Ku¹, Shih-Yi Lee^2,3, Yuan-Kun Aden Wu⁴, Kai-Chien Yang^1,5, Ming-Jai Su¹ ¹Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ²Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, ³Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, ⁴School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁵Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hosptial A rat model of abdominal aortic constriction that induces cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling is described. An efficient, highly-reproducible, and minimally-invasive method is used to provide a simple yet useful platform for research in myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction.
Biochemistry

Preparation of Homogeneous MALDI Samples for Quantitative Applications Yu-Meng Ou^1,2, Chien-Wei Tsao^1,3, Yin-Hung Lai¹, Hsun Lee¹, Huan-Tsung Chang², Yi-Sheng Wang¹ ¹Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, ²Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, ³Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology A protocol for reducing spatial heterogeneities of ion signals in MALDI mass spectrometry by regulating substrate temperature during sample drying processes is demonstrated.
Genetics

The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform Szu-I Yeh¹, Wei-Feng Fang¹, Chao-Jyun Huang¹, Tzu-Ming Wang¹, Jing-Tang Yang¹ ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University This work presents a simple and visual method to detect multi-nucleotide polymorphisms on a pneumatic droplet manipulation platform. With the proposed method, the entire experiment, including droplet manipulation and detection of multi-nucleotide polymorphisms, can be performed near 23 °C without the aid of advanced instruments.
Developmental Biology

In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Study Corneal Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Wei-Ting Ho^1,2, Chien-Chia Su³, Jung-Shen Chang³, Shu-Wen Chang¹, Fung-Rong Hu³, Tzuu-Shuh Jou^2,4, I-Jong Wang^3,4 ¹Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, ²Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, ³Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, ⁴College of Medicine, National Taiwan University A primary culture of bovine corneal endothelial cells was used to investigate the mechanism of corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, a rat corneal endothelium cryoinjury model was used to demonstrate corneal endothelial-mesenchymal transition in vivo.
Bioengineering

Designing Microfluidic Devices for Studying Cellular Responses Under Single or Coexisting Chemical/Electrical/Shear Stress Stimuli Tzu-Yuan Chou¹, Yung-Shin Sun², Hsien-San Hou³, Shang-Ying Wu¹, Yun Zhu¹, Ji-Yen Cheng³, Kai-Yin Lo¹ ¹Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, ³Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica Micro-fabricated devices integrated with fluidic components provide an in vitro platform for cell studies mimicking the in vivo micro-environment. We developed polymethylmethacrylate-based microfluidic chips for studying cellular responses under single or coexisting chemical/electrical/shear stress stimuli.
Environment

Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies Kuo-Tung Jiann*¹, Liang-Saw Wen*^2,3, Peter H. Santschi⁴ ¹Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, ²Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, ³Taiwan Ocean Research Institute, National Research Laboratories, ⁴Department of Oceanography and Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston Special care using "clean techniques" is required to properly collect and process water samples for trace metal studies in aquatic environments. A protocol for sampling, processing, and analytical procedures with the aim of obtaining reliable environmental monitoring data and results with high sensitivity for detailed trace metal studies is presented.
Behavior

Comparing the Frequency Effect Between the Lexical Decision and Naming Tasks in Chinese Xin-Yu Gao*¹, Meng-Feng Li*¹, Tai-Li Chou*², Jei-Tun Wu¹ ¹Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, ²Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University Researchers adopt both the lexical decision task and the naming task to investigate some important topics such as character/word recognition by comparing the frequency effect between these two tasks. This article introduces this approach through two exemplar experiments and elaborates on the underlying logic.
Developmental Biology

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues Yu-Jen Chen^1,2, Hui-Yu Liu², Yun-Tsui Chang², Ying-Hung Cheng², Harry J. Mersmann², Wen-Hung Kuo³, Shih-Torng Ding^1,2 ¹Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, ³Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine This protocol describes the isolation of pig adipose-derived stem cells (pADSC) from subcutaneous adipose tissues with examination of multipotency. The multipotent pADSC are used to delineate processes of adipocyte differentiation and study transdifferentiation into multiple cell lineages of mesodermal mesenchyme or further lineages of ectoderm and endoderm for regenerative studies.
Developmental Biology

Primary Endodermal Epithelial Cell Culture from the Yolk Sac Membrane of Japanese Quail Embryos Han Jen Lin¹, Siou Huei Wang¹, Yu Hui Pan¹, Shih-Torng Ding¹ ¹Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University To study the mechanism of lipid utilization in yolk sac membranes during the late stages of avian embryonic development, we established a primary Japanese quail embryonic endodermal epithelial cell culture system.
Developmental Biology

Identification of Critical Conditions for Immunostaining in the Pea Aphid Embryos: Increasing Tissue Permeability and Decreasing Background Staining Gee-Way Lin^1,2, Chun-che Chang^1,2,3,4 ¹Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, ²Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, ³Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, ⁴Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica A protocol of whole-mount immunostaining on aphid embryos is presented, in which critical conditions for decreasing background staining and increasing tissue permeability are addressed. These conditions are specifically developed for effective detection of protein expression in the embryonic tissues of aphids.
Engineering

A Fabrication Method for Highly Stretchable Conductors with Silver Nanowires Chia-Wei Chang¹, Shih-Pin Chen¹, Ying-Chih Liao¹ ¹Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University A simple synthesis method is used to chemically solder silver nanowire thin film to fabricate highly stretchable and conductive metal conductors.
Engineering

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle Hsuan Lee¹, Kuan-Yu Li¹, Yen-Ta Huang¹, Po-Ting Shen¹, Gitanjal Deka¹, Ryosuke Oketani², Yasuo Yonemaru², Masahito Yamanaka², Katsumasa Fujita², Shi-Wei Chu^1,3 ¹Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, ³Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.
Bioengineering

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique Chen-li Sun¹, Tzu-hsun Hsiao² ¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, ²Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Herein, we describe a procedure that employs microscale schlieren technique to measure mixing inhomogeneity in a microfluidic device. Through calibration, distribution of concentration gradient can be derived from the micro-schlieren image.

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