The equation of state is an equation that relates physical quantities, such as pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles, of a…

The ideal gas equation is an equation of state that relates the state variables pressure, volume, temperature, and the number of moles of a…

The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the…

The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When…

A mole is defined as the amount of any substance that contains as many molecules as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon-12. An Italian…

The word "gas" comes from the Flemish word meaning "chaos," first used to describe vapors by the chemist J. B. van Helmont.…

The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable…

Individual molecules in a gas move in random directions, but a gas containing numerous molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds,…

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region…

Consider the gas molecules in a cylinder. They move in a random motion as they collide with each other and change speed and direction. The average of…

The heat capacity of a gas is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of gas by one degree Celsius. It is an…

The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it…

To escape the Earth's gravity, an object near the top of the atmosphere at an altitude of 100 km must travel away from Earth at 11.1 km/s. This…