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Chapter 18

Zenuwstelsel

Chapter 18

Nervous System

Overview The nervous system is the collection of specialized cells responsible for maintaining an organism’s internal environment and coordinating …
Overview The parasympathetic nervous system is one of the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This parasympathetic system is responsible …
Overview The sympathetic nervous system—one of the two major divisions of the autonomic nervous system—is activated in times of stress. It …
Overview The blood-brain barrier (BBB) refers to the specialized vasculature that provides the brain with nutrients in the blood while strictly …
Overview Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each …
Overview Glial cells are one of the two main types of cells in the nervous system. Glia cells comprise astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and …
Overview Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the …
Overview The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane …
Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the …
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the …
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange …
The enteric nervous system is formed by neural crest cells that proliferate, migrate and colonize the gut. Following colonization, neural crest cells must …
Neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disease often result in lasting neurological deficits due to the limited capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) to …
The regrowth capacity of damaged neurons governs neuroregeneration and functional recovery after nervous system trauma. Over the past few decades, various …