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Biochemistry
碳水化合物转运基质结合蛋白 SP0092 的生化和结构表征
碳水化合物转运基质结合蛋白 SP0092 的生化和结构表征
JoVE Journal
Biochemistry
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JoVE Journal Biochemistry
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092

碳水化合物转运基质结合蛋白 SP0092 的生化和结构表征

Full Text
31,777 Views
08:53 min
October 2, 2017

DOI: 10.3791/56294-v

Simone Culurgioni1,2, Minzhe Tang1,2, David R. Hall1, Martin A. Walsh1,2

1Diamond Light Source,Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, 2Research Complex at Harwell,Harwell Science & Innovation Campus

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a streamlined protocol for the biochemical and structural characterization of a carbohydrate substrate binding protein from Streptococcus pneumoniae. The method aims to provide key data for studies on substrate binding proteins, enhancing crystallization success and structure solution.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Protein Characterization

Background

  • Carbohydrate substrate binding proteins play crucial roles in bacterial metabolism.
  • Understanding their structure can aid in drug design and therapeutic interventions.
  • Characterization methods are essential for determining stability and crystallization conditions.
  • This study focuses on a specific protein, SP0092, from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Purpose of Study

  • To characterize the biochemical properties of SP0092.
  • To identify optimal buffer conditions for stability and crystallization.
  • To evaluate oligomerization states and their impact on crystallization.

Methods Used

  • Preparation of buffer solutions with varying pH and salt concentrations.
  • Fluorescence-based stability assays to determine melting temperatures.
  • Size-exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS) for oligomerization analysis.
  • X-ray crystallography for structural determination of the protein crystals.

Main Results

  • Optimal buffer conditions identified with a pH of 6.5 and sodium chloride concentration of 0.2 molar.
  • Increased protein concentration led to oligomerization, enhancing crystallization success.
  • X-ray fluorescence indicated zinc binding in both native and selenomethionine-labeled SP0092 crystals.
  • Automated analysis of diffraction data provided initial protein structure maps.

Conclusions

  • The study successfully outlines a protocol for characterizing SP0092.
  • Identifying optimal conditions can significantly improve crystallization outcomes.
  • The findings contribute to a better understanding of substrate binding proteins in bacteria.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of substrate binding proteins?
Substrate binding proteins are essential for nutrient uptake and metabolism in bacteria, making them potential targets for drug development.
How does the method improve crystallization success?
By identifying optimal buffer conditions and protein concentrations, the method enhances the likelihood of obtaining high-quality crystals for structural analysis.
What role does SEC-MALS play in this study?
SEC-MALS is used to analyze the oligomerization states of the protein, which is crucial for understanding its stability and crystallization behavior.
Why is zinc important in the context of SP0092?
Zinc binding can influence the structural stability and function of the protein, making it relevant for understanding its biological role.
What are the next steps after obtaining the initial protein structure maps?
The next steps involve refining and validating the models to achieve accurate representations of the protein's structure.

一个简化的协议, 以执行广泛的生物化学和结构表征的碳水化合物基质结合蛋白从肺炎链球菌。

该程序的总体目标是对肺炎链球菌的碳水化合物底物结合蛋白进行生化和结构表征。该方法有助于提供关键数据,以帮助底物结合蛋白的教学研究,例如鉴定缓冲液稳定性谱、寡聚化状态和原子结构。该程序的优点是它提供的数据可以以稳健和直接的方式提高底物结合蛋白的结晶和结构解决方案的成功率。

首先,制备 48 种 pH 值范围为 4.0 至 9.5 的缓冲溶液,氯化钠浓度范围为 0 至 0.5 摩尔。将每种溶液 40 微升分配到 96 孔板中。获得所选底物结合蛋白的纯化溶液。

向每个孔中加入 5 微升 SBP 溶液,浓度为每毫升 1 至 2 毫克。然后向每个孔中加入 5 微升 20 倍浓缩荧光染料。通过上下移液混合溶液。

用透明胶膜密封板。在室温下以 112 倍 G 离心板 2 分钟。将实时荧光定量 PCR 系统配置为以每分钟 3 度的速率从 4 摄氏度升至 99 摄氏度,保持时间为 10 秒。

将系统设置为每半度获取一次荧光读数。设置荧光滤光片设置。并分配样本。

运行实验并确定具有最高熔解温度的缓冲液条件。接下来,制备具有所选 pH 值和氯化钠浓度的缓冲液,其中包括 2.5% 体积的甘油和 0.5 毫摩尔的 TCEP 浓度。使用具有多角度光散射的分析型体积排阻色谱法表征纯化的 SBP。

确定适合结晶的最稳定物质,并使用制备型 SEC 获得这些物质的纯馏分。进行预结晶测试以确定结晶的最佳蛋白质浓度。使用结晶机器人系统将所需的商业结晶溶液分配到光学 96 孔坐式滴板的溶液储液槽中。

然后使用该系统将 100 纳升蛋白质溶液分配到每个结晶滴中。将 100 纳升每种结晶溶液从储层井转移到相应的井滴中。用光学胶膜密封板。

使用显微镜或自动成像系统评估晶体形成和生长,持续两周,此后每周一次。当形成足够大且形状良好的晶体时,准备一批结晶溶液,并额外加入 25% 体积的甘油作为冷冻保护剂。接下来,用液氮填充泡沫杜瓦瓶。

将 unipuck 样品箱浸入液氮中,并让外壳冷却。然后在含有感兴趣晶体的液滴上剪下薄膜。将 0.5 μL 冷冻保护剂沉积在靠近液滴的盖玻片上,或沉积在相同条件的空液滴室中(如果有)。

将安装在 SPINE 标准底座上的低温回路连接到磁棒上。使用 cryoloop 将目标晶体转移到 cryoprotectant 液滴中。然后使用低温回路将晶体从冷冻保护剂转移到浸没式 unipuck 样品外壳的第一个空位置。

重复此过程以收获额外的晶体。将所有感兴趣的晶体加载到样品箱中后,使用圆盘棒将 unipuck 底板放在外壳上。将液氮中的 unipuck 输送到光束线。

使用冷冻钳和圆盘杜瓦瓶加载工具将 unipuck 加载到光束线自动进样器杜瓦瓶中,并拆下样品外壳。然后在光束线软件中选择样品以加载样品,并自动将样品在 X 射线束中居中。获取 X 射线荧光光谱并识别可用于异常衍射实验的任何元素。

通过执行 X 射线吸收边缘能量扫描,确定收集异常衍射数据的最佳波长。然后在标准振荡模式下以 45 度的间隔获取三个 X 射线衍射图,以自动确定晶体晶胞参数、对称性和衍射极限。将推荐的数据收集参数导入光束线软件,并根据需要运行单波长或多波长异常衍射实验。

评估底物结合蛋白 SP0092 在各种盐缓冲液中的稳定性,以确定最佳缓冲溶液。发现 pH 值为 6.5 且氯化钠浓度范围为 0 至 0.2 摩尔的缓冲液的熔解温度最高。选择pH 值为 6.5 且氯化钠浓度为 0.2 摩尔的缓冲液进行该程序。

鉴定 SP0092 的各种寡聚状态并用 SEC-MALS 分离。对不同蛋白质浓度下的 SEC 谱分析表明,蛋白质浓度增加会触发寡聚化,这表明较大的低聚物在高浓度下更稳定。与此一致,大低聚物在结晶试验中产生晶体,而单体则没有。

天然和硒代蛋氨酸标记的 SP0092 晶体的 X 射线荧光表明锌以两种形式与蛋白质结合。通过将入射 X 射线波长调整到锌或硒的 X 射线吸收边缘,使异常信号最大化。然后获得完整的异常数据集,由异常信号的存在触发的自动分析生成了蛋白质结构的初始图谱。

然后,对这些初始地图中内置的模型进行改进和验证,以生成最终模型。观看本视频后,您应该对如何完成底物结合蛋白或任何潜在蛋白靶标的全面结构表征有很好的了解。这项技术的影响延伸到肌球菌病新疗法的开发,因为它为这类蛋白质的基于结构的抑制剂设计提供了基础见解。

这些方法也可以应用于来自其他生物体的底物结合蛋白,并且它们可能可用于任何蛋白质类型。

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