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Neuroscience
用荧光标记示踪剂对小鼠血脑屏障通透性的体内检测
用荧光标记示踪剂对小鼠血脑屏障通透性的体内检测
JoVE Journal
Neuroscience
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
An In Vivo Blood-brain Barrier Permeability Assay in Mice Using Fluorescently Labeled Tracers

用荧光标记示踪剂对小鼠血脑屏障通透性的体内检测

Full Text
26,142 Views
09:35 min
February 26, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/57038-v

Kavi Devraj1,2, Sylvaine Guérit1, Jakranka Macas1, Yvonne Reiss1

1Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute),Goethe University Hospital, 2Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institute for General Pharmacology and Toxicology,Goethe University Hospital

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a method for assessing mouse brain vascular permeability using intraperitoneally injected fluorescent tracers. It aims to investigate blood-brain barrier dysfunction, relevant in conditions such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease, by providing quantitative and visual data on neurovascular permeability.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Vascular Biology
  • Biomedical Research

Background

  • Assessing blood-brain barrier dysfunction is critical for understanding various neurological disorders.
  • The use of fluorescent tracers allows for both quantitative and qualitative analysis of permeability.
  • This method can provide insights on recovery from vascular dysfunction after therapy.
  • Implications extend towards the diagnosis and treatment of brain edema occurring in multiple diseases.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a reliable assay for measuring vascular permeability in mouse brain models.
  • To evaluate therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring blood-brain barrier functionality.
  • To facilitate deeper investigations into the underlying mechanisms of neurovascular permeability changes.

Methods Used

  • This study employs an intraperitoneal injection method using fluorescent tracers.
  • A mouse model is utilized to examine the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.
  • Concurrent quantitative assessment of permeability is performed via fluorometry, alongside fluorescence microscopy for regional visualization.
  • The complete procedure, from injection to analysis, takes approximately 5–6 hours for 10 mice.
  • Detailed steps include anesthesia, cardiac perfusion, tissue harvesting, and subsequent fluorescence measurements.

Main Results

  • The method allows for effective quantification of blood-brain barrier permeability.
  • Fluorescent microscopy provides visual confirmation of tracer localization and permeability assessments.
  • The procedure has shown potential applicability in studying recovery processes following various neurological injuries.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates a specific, efficient assay for examining vascular permeability in mouse models.
  • It enables researchers to further explore therapeutic impacts on blood-brain barrier integrity.
  • The method contributes to understanding the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in neurological disorders.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using this permeability assay?
This assay provides a quantitative approach to measure vascular permeability and allows for both fluorometric and microscopic methods for comprehensive analysis.
How is the mouse model prepared for the assay?
Mice are injected with a fluorescent tracer, deeply anesthetized, and undergo cardiac perfusion before tissue harvesting for analysis.
What types of data can be obtained from this method?
The method yields quantitative permeability data from fluorometric readings and detailed visualizations from fluorescence microscopy.
How can this technique be applied in research?
It can be used to study the blood-brain barrier's response to treatments and its role in various neurological diseases, like strokes or brain tumors.
Are there any limitations to this method?
The assay's effectiveness relies on proper perfusion technique and timely processing, which requires careful attention to procedural details.
What are the key safety considerations for handling mice during the procedure?
Ensure adherence to institutional animal care protocols, including proper anesthesia and humane treatment throughout the procedure.

在这里, 我们提出了一个小鼠脑血管通透性检测, 采用腹腔注射荧光示踪剂后灌注, 适用于动物模型的血脑屏障功能障碍。一个半脑用于定量评估渗透性, 另一个用于示踪器可视化/染色。10只老鼠的手术过程需要 5-6 小时。

该程序的总体目标是使用荧光标记的示踪剂评估小鼠脑血管系统的通透性,以评估动物模型中的血脑屏障功能障碍。这种方法可以帮助回答血脑屏障领域中与疾病中的神经血管通透性及其治疗后恢复有关的关键问题。这种方法的主要优点是简单且定量。

它为通过荧光测定法(定量)以及用于区域防御的荧光显微镜同时评估通透性提供了可能性。该技术的意义延伸到多种神经系统疾病的诊断和治疗,包括脑肿瘤、中风和阿尔茨海默病,因为这些疾病与危及生命的脑水肿和 BBD 功能的改善有关,是关键治疗靶点。该研究所的科学技术官员 Jadranka Macas 小姐将演示该程序的一部分。

腹

膜内注射小鼠 100 微升 2 毫摩尔示踪剂溶液。选择赖氨酸可固定示踪剂,例如用 FITC 标记的葡聚糖和具有不同激发发射光谱的 TMR,以最大限度地减少染料之间的干扰。如果联合使用示踪剂,腹膜内注射 200 μL 联合示踪剂溶液。

包括仅载体注射,以用作自发荧光背景扣除的假对照。每次注射后,等待 5 分钟,然后根据批准的机构方案对小鼠进行深度麻醉。麻醉给药后 10 分钟准备动物进行心脏灌注。

检查没有爪抽搐反应,以确保鼠标已达到麻醉手术平面。将要灌注的鼠标仰卧,并在腹部皮肤上涂抹 80% 乙醇。用小剪刀在腹壁上切开一个两厘米的切口后,将肝脏与横膈膜分开,然后慢慢切开横膈膜,露出复数腔。

双侧切开胸腔并固定切开的胸骨以露出左心室。将一根连接到左心室后部蠕动灌注系统的 21 号蝶针插入。穿刺右心房,然后使用一毫升移液器吸头,末端被切断,以快速收集 200 至 300 微升释放的血液并转移到血清收集管中。

将收集的血液储存在冰上。采集血液后,立即打开灌注系统,用室温不含钙和镁离子的 PBS 灌注动物 3 分钟。通过观察肝脏和肾脏的颜色来评估灌注质量,灌注后肝脏和肾脏的颜色看起来苍白。

采集大脑后,确认脑膜血管中没有可见的血液。如果灌注质量差,则应将样品排除在通透性分析之外。用手术刀将大脑分成两个半脑。

然后从一个半脑解剖小脑和嗅叶,并将半脑转移到两毫升的管中。将一个收获的肾脏放入另一个 2 毫升的试管中。立即将样品放在干冰上。

将剩余的肾和半脑与完整的小脑和嗅叶天然包埋在 TissueTech 最佳切割温度化合物中,并将其放在干冰上。最后,在 4 摄氏度下以 10, 000 G 离心血样 10 分钟后,将血清上清液转移到 1.5 毫升试管中,并放入干冰容器中。将样品转移到零下 80 摄氏度的冰箱中,因为冻融后均质效率提高。

将半脑和肾脏样本放在冰上解冻,然后称量含有器官的试管。从这些权重中,减去大约 20 个空管的平均值,得到组织重量。将 300 微升冷 PBS 添加到含有肾脏的试管中,向含有半脑的试管中加入 200 微升。

用连接到电动顶置搅拌器的 PTFE 研杵,使用约 15 次冲程,将原始微量离心管中的每个样品均质化。将均质化的样品储存在冰上,避光。在两次样品之间用 PBS 冲洗研杵,并在进行下一个样品之前擦干。

当所有样品均质化后,在 15, 000 G 和 4 摄氏度下离心 20 分钟。离心后,将上清液转移到冰上新的 1.5 mL 试管中,然后进行荧光测量和定量。将上清液转移到 384 孔板中,然后将板插入荧光读数仪中。

确保示踪剂包含正确的激发和发射波长,并将增益设置为最佳。开始测量,并将数据导出为电子表格,以执行实验步骤中所述的计算。染色当天,将封固在载玻片上的 10 微米低温恒温切片在 37 摄氏度下解冻 10 分钟。

然后,在室温下用 4% 多聚甲醛固定切片 10 分钟,然后在 PBS 中快速洗涤。通过在室温下在含有 1% PSA 和 0.5%Triton X-100 的无菌 PBS 中孵育 1 小时,透化并阻断切片中的非特异性结合。封闭后,将玻片与 1 比 100 稀释的 CD31 一抗在室温下孵育 1.5 小时。

用 PBS 洗涤 3 次,每次 5 分钟后,在室温下与物种特异性荧光标记抗体进行二抗孵育 1 小时。用 Aqua-Poly/Mount 封片染色切片,并在室温下避光聚合过夜。最后,使用光谱成像共聚焦激光扫描显微镜系统获取图像。

为了确定渗透性测定的示踪剂循环时间,将示踪剂注射后 2 小时的长循环时间与 15 分钟的短循环时间进行比较。与较短的 15 分钟循环时间相比,两小时的较长循环时间导致肾脏中示踪剂的积累量较低,这可能是由于血管隔室的高清除率 FITC 葡聚糖显示为绿色。由于血脑屏障紧密,这种影响在大脑中更加明显。

在红色通道中看到的 CD31 染色证实,在检查的时间点和大脑中都存在肾脏中的血管。一旦掌握,这项技术可以在 5 到 6 小时内对 10 只小鼠进行,两名科学家协同工作。在尝试这种技术时,重要的是要记住使用正确分子量、图表和荧光特性的示踪剂,以回答有关血脑屏障通透性的问题。

按照此程序,可以执行其他方法,例如 BBD 的免疫组织化学和疾病填充因子,以回答其他问题,例如疾病部位的严重程度和定位。

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神经科学 问题 132 血脑屏障 屏障 体内 通透性 定量 荧光示踪剂 内皮细胞 微血管 毛细血管 腹腔 灌注

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