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Neuroscience
经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 在小鼠中的作用
经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 在小鼠中的作用
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Mice

经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 在小鼠中的作用

Full Text
15,117 Views
11:54 min
September 23, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/58517-v

Eduardo de Souza Nicolau1, Kevin Augusto Farias de Alvarenga1, Helia Tenza-Ferrer1, Matheus Carvalho Alves Nogueira1, Fernanda Donizete Rezende1, Nycolle Ferreira Nicolau1, Mélcar Collodetti1, Débora Marques de Miranda1, Luiz Alexandre Viana Magno1, Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva1

1Centro de Tecnologia em Medicina Molecular (CTMM), Faculdade de Medicina,Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study explores the application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in an animal model using mice, aimed at investigating the biological effects of tDCS on psychiatric disorders. It provides a detailed protocol for implanting electrodes to facilitate tDCS, highlighting the importance of understanding stimulation parameters and their impact on behavior and biological responses.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatric Disorders
  • Neurophysiology

Background

  • tDCS is a non-invasive therapeutic technique.
  • Investigated for treating disorders such as depression and schizophrenia.
  • Requires an understanding of biological mechanisms and stimulation parameters.
  • Studies setup includes anodal and cathodal stimulation configurations.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a mouse model for studying the effects of tDCS.
  • To enhance understanding of stimulation parameters on behavioral outcomes.
  • To contribute insights into the clinical efficacy of tDCS.

Methods Used

  • Protocol involves chronically implanted electrodes for tDCS.
  • Key biological model utilized is mice.
  • Includes surgical steps for implantation and tDCS application.
  • Utilizes fast-acting anesthesia for a brief simulation period.
  • Describes electrode placement for effective current delivery.

Main Results

  • The protocol allows for targeted delivery of electrical current to study effects.
  • Seeks to clarify biological responses related to psychiatric disorders.
  • Highlights challenges in determining optimal stimulation conditions.
  • Aims to document changes in behavior and neuronal responses through tDCS.

Conclusions

  • This study establishes a foundational tDCS protocol in a mouse model.
  • It aids in understanding neuronal mechanisms related to psychiatric conditions.
  • Contributes to potential therapeutic insights for non-drug interventions in mental health.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using a mouse model for tDCS?
Mouse models provide a controlled environment to study the biological effects of tDCS, allowing researchers to isolate variables and examine specific neuronal responses in relation to psychiatric disorders.
How is the electrode placement achieved in mice?
Electrodes are implanted using a stereotaxic apparatus, ensuring precise positioning using anatomical landmarks, which is critical for effective stimulation.
What types of outcomes can be obtained from this method?
Researchers can track electrical activity changes, behavioral alterations, and potentially molecular responses related to psychiatric disorders following tDCS application.
How can this method be adapted for other conditions?
The tDCS protocol can be tailored by altering stimulation parameters such as intensity and duration, or by modifying the biological model to study various neurological conditions.
What are some limitations of tDCS in animal models?
Variability in responsiveness to stimulation across different strains of mice and the potential for differing anatomical features may affect the consistency and applicability of results.
How is anesthesia managed during the procedure?
A mixture of ketamine and xylazine is used for anesthesia induction, allowing for a rapid and effective sedation that minimizes recovery time for the animals.

经颅直流电刺激 (tDCS) 是一种治疗精神疾病的方法。动物模型是了解 tDCS 诱发的特定生物学变化的必要条件。本协议描述使用长期植入电极的 tDCS 鼠标模型。

阿尔瓦尔高德程序是应用颅内直流刺激小鼠。这可以通过从直流发生器产生低强电流,并通过电极直接发送到动物来达到目的。tDCS已被调查为一种非药物治疗替代人类主要精神疾病,如抑郁症,精神分裂症,阿尔茨海默病,AHDH和自闭症。

此外,tDCS 是一种独特的技术,因为它成本低、易用性和非侵入性型材。然而,tDCS的生物效应并不完全了解,对于刺激参数,如大脑区域的当前强度、持续时间和瓷砖,没有共识。因此,使用最低订单对于彻底研究这种机制至关重要,通过获取和分析行为细胞和分子数据,可以更好地了解tDCS的临床疗效。

目前有两个电极设置的tDCS,称为阴极刺激。在阳极刺激中,电流直接传递到动物的头部,通过动物的身体,并进入位于动物胸部的阴极。在阴极刺激中,电流通过动物的胸向进入,一次次进入其头部并进入阴极。

在这两种情况下,电流发生器控制电流强度和刺激持续时间。同时产生接触质量和推断反馈。有许多不同的设置用于主动定位。

因此,应考虑所有三维轴。在该协议中,头部电极被植入根状的胸腔中一毫米,植入头骨的一侧到中线,身体电极被定位到动物的胸前。由于短期模拟,建议使用快速动作和短期麻醉,如蒸发异氟。

此过程由两个关键步骤组成。电极放置和颅直电流刺激。手术器械在440摄氏度的预维护下进行消毒。

棉签在121摄氏度下以每平方英寸20磅的速度自动下,20分钟。将热平台控制器温度降至 37 摄氏度。称量动物,并计算麻醉诱导的适当剂量。

使用氯胺酮和锡胺的混合物,剂量为每公斤氯胺酮100毫克,每公斤氯胺酮8毫克。针号 31G。动物应在2至3分钟内入睡。

使用电动剃须刀或剃须刀剃光手术现场。将动物放在预热加热板上的立体技术装置上。握住动物的头,将尖耳杆插入动物的耳朵,将其固定到类固醇平台上。

验证没有横向头部移动,通过缓慢移动动物的头部来几乎没有垂直移动。轻轻将麻醉面罩滑过鼠标的鼻子,通过拧紧螺钉固定到位。在动物的眼部涂抹眼药膏,防止手术期间角膜干燥。

使用棉签准备手术现场与三个交替磨砂的波维酮碘,或2%氯和西丁和70%乙酸。使用一对钳子通过轻轻挤压动物脚趾来验证麻醉,并验证动物皮多-戒断一般捏反射的规律。在动物的耳线后部约三毫米的切口,并停止在眼线。

切口部位的长度必须大约为一厘米,才能接受植入物。用骨刮刀轻轻刮擦颅骨,以改善胶水和水泥的粘附性。这必须轻手进行,意图创造微划痕。

小心地将手术钩定位到松弛的皮肤上,以保持一个开放的手术场,并释放障碍物,如皮毛。使用无菌棉签轻轻干燥动物的头皮。使用解剖显微镜可视化动物颅骨的顶部。

将针头连接到类固醇支架上,并找到呼吸器。将针头放在动物头部正上方,轻轻触摸啤酒。使用啤酒作为参考来调整感兴趣区域的坐标。

将植入物固定到立体税支架上。将植入物放在动物的头上,然后慢慢降低到感兴趣的区域。使用针头将一滴大约35微升的超级胶水扩散到植入空间。

缓慢地向下移动支架,直到它触及头骨。确保植入物空间与表面完全接触。根据制造商的说明准备手术水泥。

精确定位后,在颅骨上涂抹三层薄薄的、均匀的水泥,并涂抹在植入物的下部。使用应用程序画笔应用每滴丢弃。层必须形成U形结构,以进一步结构支撑植入物。

保持植入物的螺钉螺纹清洁水泥,以便保持平稳、畅通无阻的连接。让每层干燥约四分钟。干燥后,小心地取出支架,直到支架与植入物完全分离。

处理植入物时,请格外小心,因为植入物可能会意外从动物的头骨上被破坏。用盐水浸泡棉签水合动物的皮肤和切口部位。切开植入物底部的皮肤。

使用一对钳子将组织放在一起,并关闭切口与一滴组织手术胶水每点2厘米的组织。在切口部位和底层组织中渗透 1 至 2% 利多卡因。同时用500微升的乳酸环环器水合动物。

将鼠标放入预热的 37 摄氏度清洁的单屋笼中。在笼子里建一小盘湿食物颗粒,以便于以下时间获得食物。登记动物手术后的体重。

动物必须用酮保芬管理。手术后和接下来的两天,每公斤同时5毫克。确保 tDCS 刺激器已充满电。

将阳极和阴极电缆连接到 tDCS 刺激器,并在仿真站点附近提供。将引脚型电极连接到类固醇支架上。将热平台设置为 37 摄氏度。

将吸入麻醉系统上的氧气流量计打开至每分钟 1 升。将鼠标放入麻醉诱导室。将异氟化蒸发器打开至3%,让动物在四分钟内接受异氟作用。

当动物在感应室时,使用无菌注射器向身体电极填充0.9%盐水溶液。将动物从感应室中取下,并将其胸部放在身体电极上。轻轻将麻醉面罩滑过鼠标的鼻子并固定到位。

将异氟素输出降低至1.5%,用盐水填充植入物和引脚型电极。小心地将它们连接在一起。根据您的协议调整刺激时间和当前强度。

稍后验证 tDCS 系统上的触点质量。开始刺激。观察电流向上 20 秒以选择的值。

并保持自己在既定时间。然后,在部分结束时再次向下斜坡。激活小腿按钮进行控制。

观察电流向上 20 秒以选择的值。然后在刺激期的其余部分向下一个,最后一个渐变到所选值,在结束时,连续向下。一个刺激部分完成,小心地将动物转移到预热的37摄氏度的笼子里10分钟。

该协议使用tDCS刺激小鼠的大脑皮层一毫米前,以布雷格玛。此图显示了tDCS刺激方案后的统计化和基因表达。每天使用 0.35 毫安的电流强度 10 分钟。

tCDS植入物从第一天到第五天呈现自我可行,接触质量无显著差异。模型大脑中有各种各样的tCDS刺激方案。协议必须根据实验本身的特殊性来选择。

刺激区域、电流强度、会话持续时间和电极定位。在这个特殊的协议中,我们的目的是通过我们已知的tDCS调节运动皮层,电流为350微米,10分钟。观看此视频后,您将能够在鼠标中执行 tDCS。

当某人做手术时,每个动物最多可能需要四分钟。在手术过程中利用小鼠和手术后对动物进行护理时,必须考虑到动物护理指南,以便动物在研究期间保持健康。我们还建议在植入放置后等待五到七天进行实验,因为动物对创伤的生理反应可能会干扰生物结果。

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