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Biology
基于滴瓣的成年哺乳动物组织单细胞转录瘤
基于滴瓣的成年哺乳动物组织单细胞转录瘤
JoVE Journal
Biology
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biology
Droplet Barcoding-Based Single Cell Transcriptomics of Adult Mammalian Tissues

基于滴瓣的成年哺乳动物组织单细胞转录瘤

Full Text
19,110 Views
10:12 min
January 10, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/58709-v

Jo Anne Stratton*1,2,3, Sarthak Sinha*2, Wisoo Shin2, Elodie Labit2, Tak-Ho Chu1,4, Prajay T. Shah2, Rajiv Midha1,4, Jeff Biernaskie1,2,3

1Hotchkiss Brain Institute,University of Calgary, 2Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Calgary, 3Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute,University of Calgary, 4Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine,University of Calgary

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study outlines a protocol for preparing healthy adult mammalian single cells for droplet-based, high throughput single cell RNA-Seq preparations, which is crucial for understanding gene expression at the single-cell level. The techniques discussed enable detailed analysis of transcriptomes from various mammalian tissues, particularly focusing on skin and nerve tissues, and provide insights into the functional dynamics of cellular populations.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Microbiology
  • Transcriptomic analysis
  • Cellular dynamics in complex tissues

Background

  • Importance of individual cell analysis in understanding biological processes.
  • Potential applications in studying gene expression changes due to injury or disease.
  • Advances in technology enabling single-cell RNA sequencing.

Methods Used

  • Dissociation of mammalian tissues into single-cell suspensions.
  • High throughput single cell RNA sequencing methods.
  • Flow cytometry for isolating viable cells.

Main Results

  • Successful protocol for isolating high-viability single cells from skin and nerve tissues.
  • Generation of high-quality cDNA libraries for sequencing.
  • Comprehensive methodology reducing cell loss while preserving RNA quality.

Conclusions

  • The study demonstrates an effective approach for single-cell RNA-Seq preparation.
  • Findings are relevant to advancing research in cell biology and functional genomics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What tissues can be used with this protocol?
The protocol is suitable for any mammalian tissue, with specific examples provided for skin and nerve.
What is the main advantage of using single-cell RNA sequencing?
It allows for a detailed understanding of gene expression at the individual cell level within complex tissues.
How does the protocol ensure cell viability?
Quality control steps, including viability dye addition and optimized dissociation techniques, are implemented to maintain high cell viability.
How is the data from the sequencing analyzed?
Data is aligned and analyzed following a standardized bioinformatics pipeline, with results submitted to public repositories.
Who demonstrates the procedure in the video?
Elodie Labit and Wisoo Shin, trainees from the laboratory, demonstrate the procedure.
What temperature is critical during tissue processing?
It is essential to maintain the tissues at ice-cold temperatures during processing to ensure cell viability.
Why is it important to filter tissue samples?
Filtering helps to remove clumps and debris, ensuring the preparation of a single-cell suspension for accurate analysis.

该协议描述了为基于液滴、高通量的单细胞 rna-seq 制剂准备健康的成年哺乳动物单细胞所需的一般过程和质量控制检查。还提供了测序参数、读取对齐和下游单细胞生物信息学分析。

这种方法可以帮助回答微生物学领域的关键问题,例如了解损伤或疾病后数千个单细胞的基因表达变化。这项技术的主要优点是,它允许我们解剖复杂组织内单个细胞的转录组,并更好地欣赏给定群体中的功能动力学。我们的协议的优点是,它提供了全面的方法,从分离原组织中的单个细胞,到分析和可视化这个数据集。

虽然这种方法从皮肤和神经的单细胞悬浮开始,但我们描述的测序方法可以应用于研究任何哺乳动物组织。演示这个程序将是伊洛迪·拉比特和威苏·申,两个学员从我的实验室。首先,先将皮肤从小鼠后部的后部切开,剖析安乐死小鼠的坐骨神经。

使用无菌手术刀刀片沿着大腿的长度做切口。然后使用细钳和剪刀暴露和切除坐骨神经。要解剖背皮,请使用细钳和剪刀,使切口从肩膀到肩膀,穿过臀部,向下的背部。

用冰冷的HBSS清洗两次纸巾。在解剖显微镜下,去除不需要的结缔组织、脂肪沉积或碎屑。仅对于皮肤,使用无菌手术刀刀片将皮肤切成薄片。

要获得皮肤真皮,在10厘米的培养皿中,将皮肤片漂浮在不帕斯中,在37摄氏度下漂浮30至40分钟。使用细钳从真皮中剥离和分离表皮,然后丢弃表皮。然后,对于皮肤和神经,使用一对灭菌手术刀刀片将每个样品切碎成一到两毫米。

将组织片放入新鲜解冻的、每毫升两克的冷胶原蛋白酶中,放入15毫升锥形管中。在37摄氏度的浴池中孵育酶中的每个样品30分钟,每10分钟轻轻摇动一次。在30分钟内,使用P1000移管器将组织三角化20至30次,然后返回水浴。

每 30 分钟重复三次,直到溶液出现多云,组织块基本分离。仅对于皮肤,在孵育的最后一小时,每毫升DNAse加入1毫克到皮肤样本中。由于某些细胞类型对机械应力比其他细胞类型更敏感,过度分离技术会偏向您的群体。

一般分离对于实现高细胞产量和组织组成准确表示至关重要。之后,在50毫升锥形管上使用40微米过滤器过滤每个组织样品两次。使用 1% BSA/HBSS 冲洗过滤器。

离心手稿中描述的样品后,使用宽孔尖端将含有 1% BSA 的 HBSS 中细胞颗粒重新悬浮,并放在冰上。增加活力染料将帮助您优化制备。你应该瞄准至少80%的可行细胞。

一旦优化,可以省略此和其他质量控制步骤,以加快分离过程,这将更好地保持RNA质量,减少细胞损失。要使用 FACS 分离可行和健康细胞,首先制备 15 毫升窄底管,其中 8 毫升冰冷 1% BSA/HBSS 用于样品收集。确保液体表面和管内之间的界面潮湿,并防止静电和表面张力,在收集前反转管。

在 FACS 细胞分选后,一旦细胞被收集到 15 毫升管中,使用 1% BSA/HBSS 的 1 毫升来清洗和推下所有细胞,从管的侧表面向下。然后以260克将每个样品离心8分钟。丢弃上经剂后,将细胞颗粒重新悬浮在百分之一的 BSA/HBSS 中,并将 33.8 微升添加到管子中,并将该管放在冰上。

此步骤设计为使用从标准化试剂盒获得的试剂完成。所有演示的步骤都应按照制造商的说明执行。为了准备创业板的生成,在芯片支架上放置一个芯片,根据制造商的协议,在冰上准备一个电池主混合。

将主混合物的 56.2 微升添加到包含 33.8 微升自悬浮液的管中。要准备芯片,首先在50%的甘油到不会使用的井。然后将90微升的细胞主混合添加到井一,40微升的凝胶珠到井二,270微升的隔油到井三。

用垫片盖住芯片。要加载芯片,并在单单元控制器中运行,请先弹出托盘。将芯片放在托盘中。

收回托盘,然后按播放。完成运行后,收集 100 微升样品,并放在 PCR 管中。将 PCR 管放在预设的 PCR 机器中,然后根据套件运行。

运行后,GEM 将包括全长,条形码cDNA,从聚苯二线mRNA。将管子在零下20摄氏度过夜。继续库的构造、排序、对齐和分析。

样品按手稿中描述的顺序排列和对齐后,将数据存入公共存储库,如 NCBI 的 GEO。为此,请注册提交者帐户。首先,下载元数据表完成 GEO 提交。

请确保每个项目提交只包含一个元数据表。将电子表格放在目录中。其次,将从所有库的单元格范围计数脚本生成的原始数据文件添加到目录中。

第三个文件夹是处理的数据文件。将所有库的单元格游侠计数脚本生成的处理数据文件放入目录中。使用 GEO 提交者 FTP 服务器凭据传输包含所有三个组件的目录。

运行细胞游侠后,可以使用先进的生物信息学进一步处理分析就绪基因条形码矩阵。首先,使用Seurat R包进行预处理数量检查,该包生成小提琴和散点图,以可视化基因数量、唯一分子标识符数量和线粒体基因百分比,以识别细胞双精度值和异常值。对于主要组件或 PC 的选择,使用了弯头图,其中不包括 PC 轴标准偏差的超水平水平的 PC。

群集的解析也纵。低分辨率导致细胞群集更少,每个群集可能表示定义的单元格类型。高分辨率导致较高的细胞概率,表示子类型或过渡状态的细胞总体。

低分辨率聚类设置用于进一步分析表达热图,以确定给定聚类中表达最高的基因。单个候选基因在 tSNE 图上可视化,使用 Seurat 的特征图功能,允许破译,是否有表示巨噬细胞的聚类。聚类二和四表示CD68,一个泛巨噬细胞标记。

其他软件包还提供质量控制工具,例如 Monocle,用于构建细胞轨迹的 R 包,去除质量差的细胞,并确保 mRNA 在所有细胞之间的分布是日志正常,并且介于上限和下限之间。然后,使用已知的血统标记基因对单个细胞进行分类和计数,将表达感兴趣的标记的细胞分配给第一类细胞。确定第一类细胞是成纤维细胞。

该种群被评估为建立成纤维细胞的发展轨迹。按照这个程序,其他方法,如定量PCR,原位杂交,免疫化学应执行,以验证您的基因表达结果的准确性。单细胞mRNA测序已经为许多不同领域的研究人员探索细胞间对细胞的异质性铺平了道路,并在平衡过程中识别不同组织内的功能动力学,以及这些在受伤后或疾病发展过程中会如何变化。

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