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Biology
植物细胞类型的分离和转录组分析
植物细胞类型的分离和转录组分析
JoVE Journal
Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Isolation and Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Cell Types

植物细胞类型的分离和转录组分析

Full Text
2,044 Views
08:53 min
April 7, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/64913-v

Jun Zhang1, Mayra Ahmad1, Rongrong Xie1, Hongbo Gao1

1Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study develops a robust and complete procedure for isolating specific root cell types from Arabidopsis thaliana and constructing transcriptome libraries. The methods leverage high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to uncover subtle gene expression differences that contribute to intricate intracellular regulatory mechanisms.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Plant biology
  • Single-cell transcriptomics
  • Gene expression analysis

Background

  • Understanding gene expression variations at a single-cell level.
  • The importance of isolating specific cell types for detailed analysis.
  • Feasibility of fluorescence-activated cell sorting in plant research.

Methods Used

  • Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana as the biological system
  • RNA sequencing and library preparation

Main Results

  • Successful isolation of protoplasts from specific root cell types.
  • High sensitivity in transcript detection for individual cells.
  • Validation of procedures to ensure reliability in RNA-seq analysis.

Conclusions

  • The study presents an effective method for single-cell RNA-seq in plants.
  • Demonstrates the potential to enhance understanding of cellular mechanisms in plant biology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of single-cell RNA sequencing in plant research?
Single-cell RNA sequencing allows researchers to uncover gene expression differences that may be masked in bulk RNA sequencing, enhancing the understanding of cellular functionality and diversity.
How does fluorescence-activated cell sorting work?
It involves sorting cells based on fluorescent markers that indicate specific cell types, ensuring the isolation of desired populations for downstream analysis.
What organisms are used in this protocol?
Arabidopsis thaliana is the primary organism used for isolating root cell types and conducting transcriptome analysis.
What are the main challenges for first-time users of this protocol?
Attention to steps in protoplast sorting and RNA-seq library preparation is crucial to avoid contamination and ensure successful outcomes.
How do fluorescent markers facilitate cell sorting?
Fluorescent markers indicate specific gene expression, allowing for selective sorting of cells that exhibit fluorescence corresponding to particular traits or functions.
What is the importance of building a transcriptome library?
A transcriptome library provides a comprehensive representation of the RNA present in a specific cell type, enabling detailed gene expression analysis.
How does this study advance plant biology research?
It offers a reliable methodology for investigating gene expression at a precise cellular level, potentially leading to breakthroughs in understanding plant biology and development.

高通量scRNA-seq方法的可行性和有效性预示着植物研究的单细胞时代。这里介绍的是一个强大而完整的程序,用于分离特定的拟 南芥 根细胞类型以及随后的转录组文库构建和分析。

对单细胞或细胞类型的转录组分析可以检测到基因表达被异质性掩盖的细微差异,这是揭示复杂的细胞内调节机制的有力工具。荧光活化细胞分选后进行RN-seq分析可以在单细胞或大细胞类型模式下进行,具有高转录本检测灵敏度并与其他多组学方法兼容。首次使用该方案的用户需要注意原生质体分选和RNA-seq文库制备中的一些步骤。

与张军一起,我们实验室的博士后谢荣荣博士将帮助演示该程序。首先,将拟南芥野生型和荧光标记系种子放入20%漂白剂中,并使用室温旋转培养箱孵育15分钟以对种子进行灭菌。在无菌工作台上工作时,用双蒸水冲洗种子三到五次。

将野生型和报告系种子铺在半强度MS培养基上,每体积琼脂重量为0.8%。在四摄氏度下对植物分层两天。然后在 23 小时光照和 18 小时黑暗循环下在 23 摄氏度下垂直种植五天。

在实验前,在冰上轻轻解冻称为溶液A和溶液B的原生质持久溶液。用干净的刀片或剪刀从植物上剪掉根部,并将根切成大约 0.5 厘米的碎片。将切碎的根浸入1.5毫升溶液B中,然后在室温下轻轻旋转1.5至2小时。

通过40微米过滤器网过滤所得的根原生质体,并用一至两毫升溶液A冲洗网状物.将合并的滤液在300G下在4摄氏度下离心五分钟。使用移液管弃去上清液,将细胞沉淀重悬于500至600微升溶液A中,并立即将其置于冰上。对于细胞分选,将重悬的细胞溶液转移到新的五毫升试管中。

填充护套液罐并检查废物罐。然后打开荧光激活细胞分选或FACS机器。在分拣机上执行仪器设置和自动校准步骤。

选择荧光通道并使用没有荧光的野生型植物作为基线对照。根据荧光强度和前向散射和侧向散射单体调整分拣门。将500微升溶液A加入1.5毫升收集管后,开始分选,每管收集2, 000至3, 000个细胞。

分拣后,立即将样品放在冰上。将含有细胞的收集管在300G和4摄氏度下离心5分钟,并用移液管除去上清液。取两微升分选的细胞,并使用荧光显微镜检查荧光。

如果不立即使用,请将分选的细胞储存在零下 80 摄氏度。对于单细胞指数分选,将带膜的 96 孔板放入适配器中。校准板的位置,使液滴落在板的中心孔中。

从 96 孔板上取下膜并将 96 孔板放入适配器中。排序时选择单细胞排序模式。将目标数量的排序单元格输入为一个,然后开始排序。

在开始实验之前,用表面净化剂和75%乙醇清洁工作台。仅将所有设备用于测序文库制备。将一微升新鲜制备的混合物A加入分选样品后,用无菌研杵研磨。

使用游离RNAse的水,将体积补足至14微升。然后将每个样品转移到0.2毫升薄壁PCR管中。然后制备混合物B.向每个含有样品的PCR管中加入4.4微升混合物B,并通过轻轻移液混合。

将样品在 72 摄氏度下孵育三分钟。孵育后,立即将样品放在冰上,将寡核苷酸dT杂交到poly-A尾部。将逆转录反应混合物或混合物C在21.6微升中制备到每个含有样品的试管中。

根据逆转录程序,在普通PCR仪器中对样品进行逆转录反应。将40.8微升新鲜制备的预扩增反应混合物或混合物D加入逆转录反应产物中,并运行预扩增程序。当反应刚刚进入指数阶段时,可以通过定量PCR确定扩增周期。

要纯化预扩增反应产物,请将预扩增产物从PCR管转移到1.5毫升管中。向每个样品中加入 48 微升 AMPure XP 磁珠,并在孵育前通过移液轻轻混合。将含有样品和珠子的 1.5 毫升管放在磁分离台上五分钟。

小心地从样品中丢弃上清液,不要干扰珠子。将它们重悬于200微升80%乙醇中后,将它们放在磁分离架上再放置三分钟。丢弃含有上清液的乙醇后,将样品在管中风干10分钟。

将磁珠重悬于20微升无核酸酶的水中,并在室温下孵育五分钟。然后将它们放在磁分离架上五分钟。使用移液管,将每个管中的18微升上清液转移到新的1.5毫升离心管中。

最后,按照文中描述的步骤表征前文库,然后进行文库构建、纯化和定量。荧光拟南芥标记系是通过将荧光蛋白与靶细胞类型中特异性表达的基因融合或使用增强子捕获系而开发的。根据荧光强度、前向散射和侧向散射单体成功分选荧光特异性标记原生质体。

使用明场和荧光成像可视化分选的细胞。显示了约2, 000个木质部极周细胞,侧根原始细胞,内皮或皮层细胞以及侧根帽细胞的RNA测序文库的代表性结果。具有引物或接头二聚体峰的小尺寸文库在尺寸选择后仍可测序。

大小分布异常的文库表示文库制备失败。分析了基因表达模式。将富集在四种根细胞类型中的任何一种中的基因聚集在一起,并在热图中描绘,显示不同细胞类型之间基因表达的特异性。

通过正确的设门和分选以及防止RNA降解来高质量和纯度的靶细胞是成功构建文库的关键。对于单细胞模式下的RNA-seq,最近报道了几种与唯一分子标识符集成的方法,这些方法显着提高了性能。

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