Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

11 articles published in JoVE

• Neuroscience

  
  Chronic Implantation of Multiple Flexible Polymer Electrode Arrays Jason E Chung*^1,2, Hannah R Joo*^1,2, Clay N Smyth², Jiang Lan Fan³, Charlotte Geaghan-Breiner², Hexin Liang², Daniel Fan Liu³, Demetris Roumis², Supin Chen^4,5, Kye Y Lee⁴, Jeanine A Pebbles⁴, Angela C Tooker⁴, Vanessa M Tolosa^4,5, Loren M Frank^{2,6 1}Medical Scientist Training Program and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, ²Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Center for Integrative Neuroscience, and Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, ³Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, ⁴Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ⁵Neuralink Corp., ⁶Howard Hughes Medical Institute Described below is a method for implantation of multiple polymer electrode arrays across anatomically distant brain regions for chronic electrophysiological recording in freely moving rats. Preparation and surgical implantation are described in detail, with emphasis on design principles to guide adaptation of these methods for use in other species.

• Chemistry

  
  Electrochemical Roughening of Thin-Film Platinum Macro and Microelectrodes Anna N. Ivanovskaya*¹, Anna M. Belle*¹, Allison Yorita¹, Fang Qian², Supin Chen¹, Angela Tooker¹, Rose GarcÍa Lozada¹, Dylan Dahlquist¹, Vanessa Tolosa^{1 1}Engineering Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ²Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory This protocol demonstrates a method for electrochemical roughening of thin-film platinum electrodes without preferential dissolution at grain boundaries. The electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy are demonstrated to characterize these electrode surfaces.

• Chemistry

  
  Negative Additive Manufacturing of Complex Shaped Boron Carbides Ryan Lu¹, Dorothy J. Miller¹, Wyatt L. Du Frane¹, Swetha Chandrasekaran¹, Richard L. Landingham¹, Marcus A. Worsley¹, Joshua D. Kuntz^{1 1}Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory A method called negative additive manufacturing is used to produce near fully dense complex shaped boron carbide parts of various length scales. This technique is possible via the formulation of a novel suspension involving resorcinol-formaldehyde as a unique gelling agent that leaves behind a homogenous carbon sintering aid after pyrolysis.

• Engineering

  
  Using Synchrotron Radiation Microtomography to Investigate Multi-scale Three-dimensional Microelectronic Packages Holly D. Carlton¹, John W. Elmer¹, Yan Li², Mario Pacheco², Deepak Goyal², Dilworth Y. Parkinson³, Alastair A. MacDowell^{3 1}Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ²Assembly Test and Technology Development Failure Analysis Labs, Intel Corporation, ³Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory For this study synchrotron radiation micro-tomography, a non-destructive three-dimensional imaging technique, is employed to investigate an entire microelectronic package with a cross-sectional area of 16 x 16 mm. Due to the synchrotron's high flux and brightness the sample was imaged in just 3 min with an 8.7 µm spatial resolution.

• Bioengineering

  
  A Microfluidic Platform for Precision Small-volume Sample Processing and Its Use to Size Separate Biological Particles with an Acoustic Microdevice Erika J. Fong^1,2, Chao Huang¹, Julie Hamilton¹, William J. Benett¹, Mihail Bora¹, Alison Burklund¹, Thomas R. Metz¹, Maxim Shusteff^{1 1}Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ²Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University This protocol describes a system architecture for performing automated small volume (0.15–1.5 ml) particle separations using a microfluidic device, and discusses methods to optimize acoustofluidic device performance and operation.

• Engineering

  
  Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies Patrick G. Campbell¹, Marcus A. Worsley¹, Anna M. Hiszpanski¹, Theodore F. Baumann¹, Juergen Biener^{1 1}Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

• Chemistry

  
  Fabrication of Large-area Free-standing Ultrathin Polymer Films Michael Stadermann¹, Salmaan H. Baxamusa¹, Chantel Aracne-Ruddle¹, Maverick Chea¹, Shuaili Li¹, Kelly Youngblood¹, Tayyab Suratwala^{1 1}Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory We describe a method for the fabrication of large-area (up to 13 cm diameter) and ultrathin (as thin as 8 nm) polymer films. Instead of using a sacrificial interlayer to delaminate the film from its substrate, we use a self-limiting surface treatment suitable for arbitrarily large areas.

• Engineering

  
  Convergent Polishing: A Simple, Rapid, Full Aperture Polishing Process of High Quality Optical Flats & Spheres Tayyab Suratwala¹, Rusty Steele¹, Michael Feit¹, Rebecca Dylla-Spears¹, Richard Desjardin¹, Dan Mason¹, Lana Wong¹, Paul Geraghty¹, Phil Miller¹, Nan Shen^{1 1}Lasers, Optics, & Targets for the National Ignition Facility, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory A novel optical polishing process, called “Convergent Polishing”, which enables faster, lower cost polishing, is described. Unlike conventional polishing processes, Convergent Polishing allows a glass workpiece to be polished in a single iteration and with high surface quality to its final surface figure without requiring changes to polishing parameters.

• Bioengineering

  
  The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS), D-FENS, and D-FEND ALL: Novel Chlorine Dioxide Decontamination Technologies for the Military Christopher J. Doona¹, Florence E. Feeherry¹, Peter Setlow², Alexander J. Malkin³, Terrence J. Leighton^{4 1}United States Army-Natick Soldier RD&E Center, Warfighter Directorate, ²Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, ³Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ⁴ The Portable Chemical Sterilizer (PCS) is a revolutionary, energy-independent, almost waterless sterilization technology for Army medical units. The PCS generates chlorine dioxide from dry reagents mixed with water on-site, at-will, and at point-of-use (PoU) in a plastic suitcase. The Disinfectant-sprayer for Foods and ENvironmentally-friendly Sanitation (D-FENS) and the Disinfectant for ENvironmentally-friendly Decontamination, All-purpose (D-FEND ALL) produce aqueous chlorine dioxide in a collapsible spray bottle and other potential embodiments. These versatile decontamination technologies kill microbes in myriad diverse Dual-use applications for military and civilian consumers.

• Bioengineering

  
  Insertion of Flexible Neural Probes Using Rigid Stiffeners Attached with Biodissolvable Adhesive Sarah H. Felix¹, Kedar G. Shah¹, Vanessa M. Tolosa¹, Heeral J. Sheth¹, Angela C. Tooker¹, Terri L. Delima¹, Shantanu P. Jadhav², Loren M. Frank², Satinderpall S. Pannu^{1 1}Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ²UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience and the Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco Insertion of flexible neural microelectrode probes is enabled by attaching probes to rigid stiffeners with polyethylene glycol (PEG). A unique assembly process ensures uniform and repeatable attachment. After insertion into tissue, the PEG dissolves and the stiffener is extracted. An in vitro test method evaluates the technique in agarose gel.

• Bioengineering

  
  Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks Bok Yeop Ahn¹, Steven B. Walker¹, Scott C. Slimmer¹, Analisa Russo¹, Ashley Gupta¹, Steve Kranz¹, Eric B. Duoss^1,2, Thomas F. Malkowski^1,3, Jennifer A. Lewis^{1 1}Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ²Center for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, ³Presently at the Interdisciplinary Center for Wide Band-gap Semiconductors, University Of California Santa Barbara Planar and three-dimensional printing of conductive metallic inks is described. Our approach provides new avenues for fabricating printed electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical devices in unusual layouts at the microscale.