Chapter 5
Complexometric Titration, Precipitation Titration, and Gravimetry
Complexometric titration involves the formation of a complex by reacting a metal ion with one or more ligands. A visual indicator often detects the…
Different monodentate and polydentate ligands are used as complexing agents in complexometric titration reactions. The formation of complexes by…
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl…
Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or…
Each EDTA molecule has six binding sites: four carboxyl groups and two amino groups. The fully protonated form of EDTA is represented as H6Y2+.…
EDTA titrations are usually carried out in highly basic conditions, where the fully deprotonated form of EDTA, Y4−, actively complexes with the…
The EDTA titration types for metal ion analysis include direct titration, back-titration, and replacement titration.
Direct titration involves…
Unlike direct titration, back-titration, and displacement titration, indirect titration is an EDTA titration method for quantifying anions. In the…
EDTA titration curves determine the free metal ion concentration. The titration curve represents the change in concentration of free metal ions (p…
Different methods, such as visual observance of metal-ion indicators, spectroscopic techniques, and potentiometric methods, can determine the…
EDTA titrations may necessitate masking and demasking agents to temporarily protect a particular metal ion in a mixture from the EDTA reaction. These…
Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses…
The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of…
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a…
Gravimetric analysis is a quantitative method where the analyte is isolated and weighed directly or after conversion into a substance of known…
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to…
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An…
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with…
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate.…
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large…
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates,…
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as…
While multiple advances in mass spectrometry (MS) instruments have improved qualitative and quantitative proteome analysis, more reliable front-end…
Determination of Carbonyl Functional Groups in Bio-oils by Potentiometric Titration: The Faix Method
Carbonyl compounds present in bio-oils are known to be responsible for bio-oil property changes upon storage and during upgrading. Specifically,…
Collection and Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Using the EDTA-facilitated Method
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The plant phloem is essential for the long-distance transport of (photo-) assimilates as well as of signals conveying biotic or abiotic stress. It…
