Brachial Artery Catheterization in Swine

Summary

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This procedure accurately measures arterial blood pressure and is a simple and fast method to collect samples for arterial blood gas measurements.

Abstract

The video describes in detail the catheterization of the distal brachial artery in swine. This technique enables researchers to measure arterial blood pressure continuously and collect arterial blood samples to assess arterial blood gas measurements. Arterial blood pressures and arterial blood gases are important physiological parameters to monitor during experimental procedures. In swine, four common methods of arterial catheterization have been described, including catheterization of the carotid, femoral, auricular, and medial saphenous arteries. Each of these techniques have advantages, such as ease of access for the auricular artery, and disadvantages that include deep tissue dissection for carotid artery catheterization. The described alternative method of arterial catheterization in swine, the catheterization of the distal aspect of the brachial artery, is a rapid procedure that requires relatively minimal tissue dissection and provides information that is in line with data collected from other arterial catheterization sites. The procedure uses a medial approach along an oblique plane of the lower brachium, positioned between the olecranon and the flexor aspect of the elbow joint, and this approach allows researchers the major advantage of unimpeded freedom for procedures that involve the caudoventral, caudodorsal back, or hind limbs of the pig. Due to the location of the upper forelimb of the catheterized vessel and potential challenges of effective homeostasis following catheter removal from the artery, this technique may be limited to non-recovery procedures.

Introduction

Surgical intervention is used in experimental research to develop animal models that enhance scientific development. The scientific literature is filled with examples of novel surgical animal models^1,2,3. Surgical procedures are a complex process involving not only the manipulation of anatomical structures but also complicated physiological interactions with various drugs required for anesthesia and analgesia. This interplay can induce major changes in physiological processes within the animal and as such requires vigilant monitoring of the animal⁴. Cl....

Protocol

All procedures on experimental animals described in both the video and manuscript were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Alberta

1. Surgical anesthesia and surgical preparation of the pigs.

1. Premedicate 50 kg Landrace-Yorkshire commercial pigs intramuscularly with the anesthetic drug cocktail containing ketamine hydrochloride (22 mg/kg,), xylazine hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg) and glycopyrrolate hydrochloride (10 µg/kg).
2. Set up all equipment involved with monitoring clinical parameters at the end of the table near the pig's head. Ensure the equipment will not restrict ....

Results

Brachial artery catheterization allows for continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure and intermittent sampling of arterial blood during extended surgical procedures in swine. Measured parameters were collected from seven 50 kg Landrace-Yorkshire commercial pigs as described. The total time required to catheterize the brachial artery was 35.2 ± 4.4 min from the initial artery landmarking to final surgical incision closure (Figure 1). The arterial pressu.......

Discussion

Arterial catheterization to measure arterial blood pressures and collect blood samples for arterial blood gas measurements has been established in a wide range of animal species^{5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,}

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.9% NaCl (Saline) Solution	EMRN	JB1322P	1 x1 liter bag
10% Lidocaine spray	AstraZeneca		DIN:02039508 / 1 x  50 ml  bottle
10% Povidone-Iodine scrub	Purdue Pharma	521232	1 x 500 ml bottle
20 ga 1-inch angiocatheter	Becton Dickinson	381433	1 x angiocatheter
2-0 polyglactin suture (Vicryl)	Ethicon	J339H	2-0 vicryl / 1 packet of suture
2-0 polypropylene suture (Prolene)	Ethicon	8833H	2-0 prolene / 1 packet of suture
22 ga 1-inch angiocatheter	Becton Dickinson	381423	1 x angiocatheter
9 ID mm endotracheal tube	Jorvet	J0835P	1 x endotracheal tube
Arterial blood pressure IV line	Argon Medical Devices	112411	1 x arterial blood pressure IV line
Disposable drapes	Halyard Sales LLC	89731	4-8 x disposable drapes
Glycopyrrolate hydrochloride	Sandoz		DIN:02039508 / 1 x 20ml vial
Isoflurane	Abbott Animal  Health	05260-5	1 x 250ml bottle
Kelly forceps-curved (14cm)	Stevens	162-7-38	8-10  instruments
Ketamine hydrochloride	Vetoquinol		DIN:02374994 / 1 x 10ml vial
Lactated Ringer's Solution	Hospira	0409-7953-09	4 x1 liter bag
Metzenbaum scissors	Fine Science	14518-18
Miller laryngoscope blade	Welch Allyn	68044	182 mm length  / 1 instrument
Nasal temperature probe	Surgivet	V3417	1 probe
Needle Drivers	Stevens	162-V98-42	2 instruments
Q tip applicators	Fisher Scientific	22-037-960	20-40  app
Remifentanil hydrochloride	TEVA		DIN:0234432 / 1 mg vial
Surgivet advisor: Vital signs monitor	Surgivet	V9203	1 monitor
Weitlaner retractor	Stevens	162-11-602	2 retractors
Xylazine hydrochloride	Bayer		DIN:02169606 1 x 50ml bottle