Ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSC) are responsible for cancer initiation, recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and metastasis. The OCSC vascular niche is considered to promote self-renewal of OCSCs, leading to chemoresistance. This protocol provides the basis for establishing a reproducible OCSC vascular niche model in vitro.
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Method Article
Evaluating the Angiogenetic Properties of Ovarian Cancer Stem-Like Cells using the Three-Dimensional Co-Culture System, NICO-1
In This Article
Summary
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) reside in a supportive niche, constituting a microenvironment comprised of adjacent stromal cells, vessels, and extracellular matrix. The ability of CSCs to participate in the development of endothelium constitutes an important characteristic that directly contributes to the general understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. The purpose of this work is to establish a reproducible methodology to investigate the tumor-initiation capability of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs). Herein, we examined the neovascularization mechanism between endothelial cells and OCSCs along with the morphological changes of endothelial cells using the in vitro co-culture model NICO-1. This protocol allows visualization of the neovascularization step surrounding the OCSCs in a time course manner. The technique can provide insight regarding the angiogenetic properties of OCSCs in tumor metastasis.
Introduction
Ovarian cancer is the eighth most common malignancy in women worldwide, with approximately 300,000 new diagnoses and an estimated 180,000 deaths annually1. At initial diagnosis, ovarian cancer often presents with severe symptoms, with about 75% of patients already at stage III-IV. Accordingly, the 5-year survival rate is <30% and the mortality rate is the highest among gynecological cancers2, with the efficiency of treatment for ovarian cancer being highly dependent on clinical factors such as the successful accomplishment of debulking surgery, resistance to chemotherapy, and recurrence after the initial therapy.
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Protocol
All procedures were performed under the protocol approved by the Ethics Committee for human welfare. All patients provided written informed consent for the research use of their samples, and the collection and use of tissues for this study were approved by the Human Genome, Gene Analysis Research Ethics Committee at Teikyo University.
1. Isolation and culture of ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) from Patients with ovarian cancer and ascites in a level 2 biosafety cabinet
- Isolate cancer stem cells from human ovarian cancer ascites obtained via paracentesis. Collect at least 100-250 mL of ascites from patients to take enough numbe....
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Results
We collected ascites fluids obtained from patients with advanced ovarian cancer during surgery or paracentesis for the purpose of performing a long-term stable culture for spheroids. Here, we present cases of a long-term spheroid culture of ovarian CSCs termed CSC1 and CSC2. Both cell lines carry the same diagnosis and histological profiles. The mechanistic roles of OCSCs underlying the interaction with endothelial cells necessary to induce the neovascularization of endothelial cells surr.......
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Discussion
The presented protocol describes how to mimic the tumor microenvironment of OCSCs in an in vitro setting. The primary component of the method constitutes the highly reproducible coculture model obtained using the NICO-1 system, an indirect Transwell co-culture system. Many of the currently available coculture models examine the effects of direct cell-cell contact on cocultured cell populations12,13,14,
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Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C (grant no. 19K09834 to K.N.) from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Japan.
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.025% Trypsin | Thermo | R001100 | |
| 10 mL Pipet | Thermo | 170356N | |
| 1250 µL Pipet tip | QSP | T112XLRS-Q | |
| 15 mL tube | Nunc | 339650 | |
| 200 µL Pipet tip | QSP | T110RS-NEW | |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | Thermo (Gibco) | 21985023 | |
| 5 mL Pipet | Thermo | 170366N | |
| 50 mL tube | Corning | 430290 | |
| AccuMAX | Innovative Cell Technologies | AM105 | |
| BioCoatTM Collagen I 60mm Dish | Corning | 356401 | |
| Centrifuge | KUBOTA | 2800 | |
| Costar 6 Well Clear Flat Bottom Ultra Low Attachment Multiple Well Plates | Corning | 3471 | |
| Endothelial Cell Growth Medium 2 | PromoCell | C-22011 | |
| Ethanol | WAKO | 057-00456 | |
| FGF-Basic | Thermo (Gibco) | PHG0021 | |
| Histodenz | SIGMA | D2158 | |
| HUEhT-1 cell | JCRB Cell Bank | JCRB1458 | |
| ICCP Filter 0.6 µm | Ginrei Lab. | 2525-06 | |
| Insulin, human | SIGMA (Roche) | 11376497001 | |
| Luminometer | PerkinElmer | ARVO MX-flad | |
| Matrigel Matrix | Corning | 356234 | |
| Microscope | Yokogawa | CQ-1 | |
| NICO-1 | Ginrei Lab. | 2501-02 | |
| OptiPlate-96 | PerkinElmer | 6005290 | |
| P1000 Pipet | Gilson | F123602 | |
| P200 Pipet | Gilson | F123601 | |
| PBS | Thermo (Gibco) | 14190-144 | |
| StemPro hESC SFM | Thermo (Gibco) | A1000701 | |
| Transfer Pipet | FALCON | 357575 | |
| Y-27632 | WAKO | 253-00513 |
References
- Bray, F., et al. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA, a Cancer Journal for Clinicians. 68, 394-424 (2018).
- Lengyel, E.
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