资料来源： 实验室的乔纳森 Flombaum — — 约翰 · 霍普金斯大学
作为心理学和认知科学在约翰 · 霍普金斯大学的助理教授，我教认知心理学导论。此大类主要包括一年级、 二年级主修相关的领域，如心理学，神经科学或认知科学。我在教室里所面临的挑战之一教学学生欣赏如何进行实验的过程中获得数据。学生们在欣赏年表的实验，因为他们在时间中展开的困难。
认知心理学这朱庇特收集使绝对清楚实验的时间线，并鼓励学生了解的轨迹并不只是跳到结论。视频还提出实验范式 — — 来说明研究人员如何以不同的方式执行任务 — — 根据手头的问题。大多数这些问题可转化为真实的世界和我们认知的限制。例如，视频测量言语工作记忆广度演示我们有限的内存容量，解释记忆长购物清单中的困难。
这些认知心理学中的朱庇特视频提供教官开始如果他们有兴趣在课堂演示任务的绝佳去处。更好的是，视频可以用于获取学生参与 — — 执行这些过程，甚至成为参与者。因此，集合完全向心理学课介绍了实验室组件。
My name is Jonathan Flombaum. I’m an assistant professor of psychology and cognitive science at Johns Hopkins University. I teach Introduction to Cognitive Psychology, and that’s a very large class. It has no prerequisites, and so about a third to a quarter of the students are freshmen and sophomore who are cognitive science majors or psychology majors or neuroscience majors, and then the remaining third or so of the course of the students come from a variety of backgrounds, including seniors and juniors fulfilling distribution requirements, people who are just interested in the topic and are taking it for extra coursework.
The biggest challenge I find teaching psychology classes in general and Introduction to Cognitive Psychology in particular is having students learn to appreciate how data is obtained, so how experiments are done, as opposed to what the experiments supposedly say or what scientists believe. Students often want to think about science courses in terms of some facts that they need to learn and understand, but in my courses, at least, the most important thing is to understand how those facts are obtained, how it is that we test ideas in science, and how we measure things, and then the kind of logic that leads us from the data we obtain to the conclusions that we eventually draw.
For students, it can be very difficult in psychology classes to appreciate the chronology of an experiment. So, an experiment is ultimately an event that unfolds in time, and students can lose sight of that thinking more about the conclusions that are arrived to from a particular experiment. So, for students these videos can be helpful by making the chronology absolutely clear, so their opportunities to actually see the events unfold in time and helps students start to think about experiments as a sequence of events and hopefully get them to do that on their own whenever they learn about a new experiment to start to be able to say, well, what happened first, what happened second, and how did that trajectory through time lead the experimenter the place that they wanted to get to.
One of the most important things about the Science Education videos is that they present experimental paradigms in a general way, so they illustrate how a given paradigm is really a paradigm. It’s something that can be used to test different ideas depending on the variations that an experimenter might introduce to the paradigm, so an experimental paradigm is not designed to just test one idea, it might someday be used to test the exact opposite of the idea that it originally was designed for.
Many of the concepts demonstrated in these videos translate to the real world. In fact, in psychology it’s almost always the case that we’re trying to understand things that happen to all of us on a regular basis, so for example, we all forget things. We all lose our trains of thought. We all experience the limitations of cognition. What these videos do is show how we can take those experiences, so say, trying to remember a shopping list, for example, and turn them into experimental paradigms, which is really what happened in many of the classic iterations of these experiments. So, one might wonder why is that I can’t remember a long shopping list, and it’s much better if I write it down. Well, the answer can be obtained by running list learning experiments.
I would recommend these videos to teachers because they’re really the perfect place to start if one wants to demo experiments in class. Better yet, the videos can be used to get students involved. The videos make it very clear where students can be involved in executing procedures, and they make it very clear how students can actually be the participants, so the videos are really perfect for introducing a lab component to a psychology class.
