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Environment
高效液相色谱-ESI-Q-MS 与红霉素通过光致降解法鉴定水生环境中的药物
高效液相色谱-ESI-Q-MS 与红霉素通过光致降解法鉴定水生环境中的药物
JoVE Journal
Environment
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JoVE Journal Environment
Identification of Pharmaceuticals in The Aquatic Environment Using HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Elimination of Erythromycin Through Photo-Induced Degradation

高效液相色谱-ESI-Q-MS 与红霉素通过光致降解法鉴定水生环境中的药物

Full Text
13,684 Views
05:46 min
August 1, 2018

DOI: 10.3791/57434-v

Melanie Voigt1,2, Christina Savelsberg1, Martin Jaeger1

1Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, 2University Duisburg-Essen

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a protocol for non-targeted analysis of pharmaceuticals in water using time of flight mass spectrometry. It highlights the application of UV irradiation for the elimination of these contaminants.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background

  • Pharmaceutical pollutants pose a risk to aquatic environments.
  • Current methods can detect these pollutants at low concentrations.
  • Understanding the degradation of these substances is crucial for environmental protection.
  • UV irradiation is explored as a method for eliminating pharmaceuticals.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a protocol for identifying pharmaceuticals in water.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of UV irradiation in degrading these compounds.
  • To provide insights into the environmental impact of pharmaceuticals.

Methods Used

  • Sample collection and filtration of water.
  • Solid phase extraction for pre-concentration of analytes.
  • Non-targeted analysis using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS.
  • UV irradiation experiments to assess degradation kinetics.

Main Results

  • Identification of several pharmaceuticals in river water samples.
  • Fastest degradation of erythromycin observed at neutral pH.
  • Presence of chlorophyll indicated in river water samples.
  • Comparison of molecular formulas with reference standards confirmed findings.

Conclusions

  • The protocol effectively identifies and quantifies pharmaceutical pollutants.
  • UV irradiation is a viable method for degrading these contaminants.
  • Further research is needed to explore other pollutants and degradation methods.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main focus of this study?
The study focuses on identifying pharmaceuticals in water and evaluating UV irradiation for their elimination.
How are water samples prepared for analysis?
Water samples are filtered, concentrated using solid phase extraction, and analyzed using mass spectrometry.
What are the advantages of this method?
It can detect pharmaceuticals at low concentrations and identify multiple compounds simultaneously.
What were the key findings regarding erythromycin?
Erythromycin showed the fastest degradation at neutral pH during UV irradiation experiments.
Can this method be applied to other pollutants?
Yes, it can also be applied to pesticides and hormone-like substances in aquatic environments.
What precautions should be taken during the procedure?
Personal protective equipment and safety measures should be used when handling chemicals and wastewater.

我们提出了一个非目标分析的协议, 利用时间的飞行质谱作为一个完美的工具, 以识别水中的药物。我们演示了紫外线照射的应用, 以消除它们。对降解剖面的辐照、复合隔离、识别和动力学建模进行了分析。

这种方法可以帮助回答环境保护中的关键问题,例如对水生环境中抗生素的认识。该技术的主要优点是它可以检测极低浓度的药物污染物并同时对其进行识别。尽管这种方法可以深入了解药物和废水的影响以及河流水,但它也可以应用于其他系统,例如杀虫剂或水生环境中的激素类物质。

要开始此过程,请收集大约 1 升水来制备样品。通过蓝色条带滤波器过滤样本以去除粗细粒子。接下来,向固相萃取柱中加入 3 mL 甲醇以使其平衡。

等待甲醇离开小柱,然后加入 3 毫升超纯水。水离开滤芯后,涂抹滤液并使用隔膜泵或其他中等真空来提高流速。所以预浓缩非常重要。

确保使用具有正确固相的固相萃取柱。用 3 毫升超纯水洗涤样品。然后使用 3 毫升乙醇从小柱山梨酸盐中洗脱分析物。

使用旋转蒸发仪,浓缩并干燥洗脱的分析物。将所得残留物溶于 1 毫升超纯水中。在此之后,通过注射器过滤器过滤溶液。

将它们储存在小瓶中,直到准备好通过 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS 进行非靶向分析。要开始紫外线照射实验,请将感兴趣的抗生素化合物溶解在超纯水中,以达到 20 毫克/升的最终浓度。将 750 毫升此溶液转移到 1 升光反应器中。

接下来,添加磁力搅拌器,并将 15 瓦紫外灯引入反应器中。以 500 RPM 的速度开始搅拌。滴加盐酸或氨水,将 pH 值调节至所需值。

使用注射器将 2 mL 反应溶液转移到 2 mL 玻璃样品瓶中。将此样品瓶标记为时间零处的样品。在此之后,打开 UV 灯并开始跟踪经过的时间。

在前 5 分钟内每 30 秒抽取 2 mL 样品。然后,在实验的剩余时间内每 60 秒采集一次样品。将样品瓶储存在 4 摄氏度,直到准备好进行分析。

要开始 LC MS,请将样品瓶转移到自动进样器中。按照文本协议的表 1 中概述设置所有相关参数,然后开始测量。使用高分辨率 MS 和 MS/MS 纬度是对水域中的药物进行非靶向分析的最有前途的技术。

然后按照文本协议中的概述进行动力学分析和曲线拟合。在这项研究中,对河水和超纯水样品进行了分析,以检测和鉴定药物污染物。固相萃取后,每个河水样本都呈淡黄色或深绿色,表明存在含叶绿素的物质。

正如预期的那样,超纯水样品保持透明。代表性河水样品的基峰色谱图包含超过 25 个峰,每个峰反映不同的化合物。然后通过推导分子式并将其与可用的参考标准品进行比较来鉴定这些物质。

这种比较揭示了在德国地表水中发现的几种药物的存在,包括 β 受体阻滞剂美托洛尔、镇痛药卡马西平以及大环内酯类抗生素红霉素 A,及其衍生物脱水红霉素 A.然后在不同的 pH 值下进行 UVC 照射实验,以确定有效的消除条件以红霉素为例。浓缩时间图显示,在 pH 7 时降解最快,而在 pH 3 时降解最慢,表明这种抗生素的光诱导降解应在中性 pH 下进行。按照此程序,可以执行其他方法,如 SESP-NMR arbitrip MS-OTUC,以回答其他问题,如降解物的氧化和尖端醇化。

观看此视频后,您应该对如何分析人工和环境水体中的药物以及如何研究其光照射诱导消除有很好的了解。不要忘记,使用化学品、制药、河流或废水可能很危险,并采取预防措施,例如个人防护服、外部设备,如果有废水,则应始终在执行此程序时或之前接种疫苗。

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