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JoVE Journal
Immunology and Infection
在生物安全2级环境中制备假型颗粒研究高致病性冠状病毒
在生物安全2级环境中制备假型颗粒研究高致病性冠状病毒
JoVE Journal
Immunology and Infection
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Immunology and Infection
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

在生物安全2级环境中制备假型颗粒研究高致病性冠状病毒

Full Text
59,791 Views
08:40 min
March 1, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/59010-v

Jean K. Millet1,2, Tiffany Tang3, Lakshmi Nathan3, Javier A. Jaimes4, Hung-Lun Hsu3,5, Susan Daniel3, Gary R. Whittaker1

1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine,Cornell University, 2INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, 3Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,Cornell University, 4Department of Microbiology, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences,Cornell University, 5Horae Gene Therapy Center,University of Massachusetts Medical School

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol outlines the generation of pseudotyped particles incorporating spike proteins from MERS and SARS coronaviruses in a BSL-2 environment. These particles enable the study of viral entry into host cells using a luciferase reporter gene for quantification.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background

  • Pseudotyped viruses are safer models for studying pathogenic viruses.
  • The technique allows for the examination of viral entry mechanisms.
  • HEK293T cells are commonly used for transfection and virus production.
  • Monitoring cell health is crucial for successful transfection and infection.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a safe method for studying viral entry of MERS and SARS.
  • To quantify the infectivity of pseudotyped particles.
  • To assess receptor usage in pseudovirions.

Methods Used

  • Transfection of HEK293T cells with plasmids encoding viral proteins.
  • Collection and purification of pseudotyped particles.
  • Infection of target cells with pseudotyped particles.
  • Measurement of luciferase activity to quantify infectivity.

Main Results

  • Pseudotyped particles exhibited strong infectivity in target cells.
  • Luciferase assays demonstrated a concentration-dependent response.
  • Receptor usage was confirmed to be similar to that of native viruses.
  • Western blot assays indicated successful incorporation of spike proteins.

Conclusions

  • The developed protocol provides a reliable method for studying viral entry.
  • Pseudotyped particles serve as effective surrogates for pathogenic viruses.
  • This approach can be adapted for other viruses beyond coronaviruses.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are pseudotyped particles?
Pseudotyped particles are virus-like particles that incorporate specific viral proteins, allowing for the study of viral entry without the risk of infection.
Why is monitoring cell health important?
Cell health affects transfection efficiency and the subsequent ability of pseudotyped particles to infect target cells.
What is the role of luciferase in this study?
Luciferase serves as a reporter gene to quantify the infectivity of pseudotyped particles by measuring luminescence.
Can this method be used for other viruses?
Yes, the protocol can be adapted to study other viruses by using different spike proteins.
What cell line is used in this protocol?
HEK293T cells are used for the generation of pseudotyped particles.
How are pseudotyped particles collected?
They are collected from the supernatant of transfected cells and purified through centrifugation and filtration.

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以产生伪型粒子在 bsl-2 设置纳入高致病性病毒中东呼吸综合征和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒的尖峰蛋白。这些伪类型粒子包含一个荧光素酶报告基因, 允许病毒进入目标宿主细胞的定量。

该协议允许研究人员生成伪病毒,这些病毒可以安全地用于研究高致病性病毒的病毒进入事件,如沙冠病毒和大多数冠状病毒。这种多功能技术基于易于设置的瞬态转染。该系统还可用于产生具有其他病毒融合蛋白的粒子,而不仅仅是冠状病毒S.为了获得最佳效果,监测细胞健康和密度以进行转染以及伪型病毒感染非常重要。

演示这个程序将是蒂芙尼唐, 和拉克什米内森。我实验室的研究生首先,用10毫升37摄氏度的10毫升洗涤 HEK293T 细胞,预热 DPBS 两次。

接下来,用一毫升25%的三辛酸酯溶液吸进上一代细胞,并在37摄氏度下预热。在5%的二氧化碳环境中,在37摄氏度下孵育细胞瓶3至5分钟,直到细胞开始分离。添加四毫升完整的 DMEM,以停用 trypsin 溶液。

然后使用细胞计数幻灯片和光学显微镜对细胞进行计数。用完整的DMEM将细胞稀释到50万个细胞。接下来,在6井组织培养板中,每井的细胞溶液中播种两毫升。

轻轻地来回移动板,并侧向两侧,以均匀分布细胞。在确保细胞均匀分布后,在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳环境中过夜或16至18小时孵育。要预形成三种质粒共传感染,首先在微离心管中混合计算量质粒和减少的血清细胞培养培养。

在室温下孵育混合物五分钟。然后,在减少的血清细胞培养基中,每井每井添加三微升至47微升。在室温下孵育混合物五分钟。

接下来,在微型离心管中,通过管上和向下方向混合等量的转染试剂和质粒溶液。在室温下孵育混合物20分钟。细胞板过夜孵育后,使用倒置光显微镜检查细胞的形态和密度。

然后,吸气细胞的已用培养,并轻轻地添加一毫升每井预先加热减少血清细胞培养到每个井。接下来,向每个井滴添加 100 微升的转染溶液。在37摄氏度的二氧化碳中孵育细胞4至6小时。

在孵育结束时,在每井37摄氏度的温度下加入一毫升预热抗生素无转染DMEM。在37摄氏度的二氧化碳中孵育细胞48小时。开始伪型粒子收集使用倒置光显微镜检查细胞的形态和一般情况。

介质的颜色应为浅粉色或略橙色。然后,将转染细胞的超热剂转移到50毫升锥形离心管。在重力290倍时离心管7分钟,以清除细胞碎片。

接下来,通过无菌的0.45微米孔径过滤器澄清上清液。在冷冻瓶中制作小体积伪病毒溶液。并储存在负80摄氏度。

要进行伪型粒子感染,首先在光显微镜下检查细胞,以确认细胞有汇合地毯。然后,在37摄氏度下用0.5毫升预热的DPBS洗三次细胞。接下来,吸进细胞的超盐,用200微升解冻的伪型粒子溶液为细胞接种。

在37摄氏度的二氧化碳中孵育细胞一到两个小时。孵育期后,在37摄氏度下加入300微升预热DMEMc。在37摄氏度的二氧化碳中孵育受感染的细胞72小时。

最后吸气受感染细胞的超自然。并在荧光素分析记者分析之前。为了量化伪型颗粒的感染性,首先解冻荧光素基质,储存在零下80摄氏度,在5次荧光酶测定解液缓冲液储存在零下20摄氏度至室温。

然后,用无菌水稀释荧光素酶测定解液缓冲液,浓度为1倍。接下来,向每一井添加100微升稀释缓冲液。并在室温下在摇杆上孵育15分钟。

要进行荧光素活性测量,首先在微离心管中加入20微升荧光素基板。然后,将10微升的利沙酸盐加入管子。轻轻轻拂管子,混合内容物。

将管子放在发光计装置中。合上盖子并测量管的发光值。记录相对的光单位测量,并先于数据分析。

与预期的正对照粒子相比,SARS-Spp和MERS-Spp在易感宿主细胞中的感染性测定显示出很强的平均感染率。非感染控制和阴性控制颗粒缺乏病毒包络糖蛋白。此外,荧光酶活性测定显示SARS-Spp和MERS-Spp感染性浓度依赖性。

SARS-Spp或MERS-Spp在低宽松靶细胞中的感染率增加,转染为SARS-Spp的ACE2受体,或MERS-Spp的DPP4受体,证实伪病毒的受体使用与北约病毒的受体使用相似,用于调节伪病毒的依附和进入。在执行此步骤之前仔细检查计算。并确保所有解决方案在步骤中混合良好。

可以对浓缩伪型颗粒进行西式印迹测定,以评估S糖蛋白并入伪病毒。虽然此处描述的伪类型粒子比北约病毒更安全,但它们仍然需要生物安全二级预防措施。

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