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Biochemistry
真核硼酸背液转运体的表达、增溶及纯化
真核硼酸背液转运体的表达、增溶及纯化
JoVE Journal
Biochemistry
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Biochemistry
Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters

真核硼酸背液转运体的表达、增溶及纯化

Full Text
10,136 Views
08:55 min
March 7, 2019

DOI: 10.3791/59166-v

Sebastian Flores1, Andrew P. Feld1, Bryan H. Thurtle-Schmidt1

1Department of Biology,Davidson College

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a protocol for expressing, solubilizing, and purifying eukaryotic borate transporters using yeast. It also includes a chemical cross-linking assay to evaluate the multimeric assembly of the purified proteins.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Membrane Protein Research

Background

  • Membrane proteins are challenging to purify in sufficient quantities.
  • Yeast serves as an effective eukaryotic expression system.
  • Optimization of experimental variables is crucial for successful protein expression.
  • Cross-linking assays help assess protein assembly.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a reliable protocol for purifying borate transporters.
  • To facilitate the study of membrane protein assembly.
  • To provide a method adaptable for other membrane proteins.

Methods Used

  • Inoculation of transformed yeast colonies in selective medium.
  • Induction of protein expression using galactose.
  • Membrane harvesting and protein solubilization using DDM.
  • Purification via nickel affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography.

Main Results

  • Successful purification of borate transporters to homogeneity.
  • Demonstration of multimeric assembly through cross-linking assays.
  • Establishment of a protocol adaptable for various membrane proteins.

Conclusions

  • The protocol provides a robust method for studying eukaryotic membrane proteins.
  • Cross-linking assays are effective for assessing protein interactions.
  • Yeast is a valuable tool for membrane protein research.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are borate transporters?
Borate transporters are membrane proteins that facilitate the transport of borate ions across cellular membranes.
Why use yeast for protein expression?
Yeast is a cost-effective and efficient eukaryotic system that allows for the optimization of protein expression conditions.
What is the purpose of the cross-linking assay?
The cross-linking assay is used to assess the multimeric assembly of purified proteins, providing insights into their functional state.
How are the proteins purified?
Proteins are purified using nickel affinity chromatography followed by size-exclusion chromatography to achieve homogeneity.
What challenges are associated with membrane protein purification?
Membrane proteins are often difficult to express and purify due to their hydrophobic nature and tendency to aggregate.
Can this protocol be adapted for other proteins?
Yes, the methods described can be modified for the purification of other challenging membrane proteins.

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议, 以表达, 溶解, 并纯化几个真核硼酸盐转运体与同源的 slc4 转运体家族使用酵母。我们还描述了一种化学交联法, 以评估纯化的同源蛋白的多重组装。这些协议可适用于其他具有挑战性的膜蛋白。

为下游应用获取足够数量的膜蛋白仍然是一个重大的技术挑战。该协议能够纯化几种膜传输蛋白的均匀性。该技术的一个关键优点是,糖精酶是膜蛋白的一个时间和具有成本效益的真核表达系统,允许优化许多关键的实验变量。

首先接种三个转化酵母菌群,在50毫升的完整补充选择性培养基没有组蛋白。辅以酵母氮碱基和2%葡萄糖过夜孵育,每分钟190次旋转,30摄氏度。第二天删除区域性。

使用分光光度计确定 600 纳米或 OD 600 的光学密度。并接种四个两升烧瓶,其中含有500毫升培养培养,以0.01的OD 600。然后以每分钟190次旋转的速度在30摄氏度下摇动培养物,30小时,让细胞消耗所有葡萄糖并生长到高密度。

为了诱导玻酸盐运输者表达,加入125毫升的5个x酵母肽介质,辅以10%的半乳糖在每分钟190旋转在30摄氏度16小时。然后通过离心收获酵母细胞,并在100毫升冷水中重新加入颗粒。在漩涡中旋转以重新暂停酵母颗粒,并串行转移溶液,以做到这一点,所有瓶子含有颗粒。

为了收获酵母膜,首先,向重新暂停的细胞中加入11.25毫升的摩尔三叶草、0.45毫升的0.5摩尔EDTA和2.25毫升的100毫升PMSF。将水加入225毫升的最终体积,并将细胞转移到450毫升金属珠子跳动罐中。用冷 0.5 毫米玻璃珠顶掉剩余体积,用转子组装珠珠腔。

将腔室浸入冰浴中,执行六次一分钟的脉冲,由两分钟的休息时间分开,以防止酸盐过热。最后一次脉冲后,从塑料一次性瓶顶过滤器中取出过滤膜,将其拧入玻璃瓶中,在吸尘时将珠室的内容倒入组件上。然后用两个 x 珠洗缓冲液冲洗,加入腔室旋转,然后添加到珠子中。

用 225 毫升的洗涤缓冲液冲洗珠珠腔,然后用珠子内装物清洗珠子。通过离心收集离酸液,将上经剂转化为聚碳酸酯瓶,用于超离心,用于收集膜。在超离心结束时,丢弃上流水液,用膜颗粒称重瓶子,然后再将膜重新吸收在大约 35 毫升的膜再吸收缓冲液中。

将悬浮液添加到玻璃 Douncer 中,然后 Dounce 将均质异质的膜均匀化到 50 毫升锥形管中,以进行负 80 摄氏度的存储。称重空离心瓶以确定收获膜的质量。对于蛋白质溶解和纯化,每克膜上加入搅拌棒和150毫克DDM,将解冻膜重新暂停至15毫升膜再吸收缓冲液的最终体积,每克膜辅以1毫升PMSF和20毫升。

将膜溶液加入烧杯,在冰浴中搅拌一小时。然后离心,使非溶解材料颗粒。在4摄氏度的冷室中,通过5微米注射器过滤器过滤上清液,并使用每分钟1毫升的流速的吸热泵将样品装载到1毫升固定镍亲和力柱上,然后用10列洗涤缓冲液清洗柱,稀释洗脱缓冲液中的蛋白质。

收集十毫升分之一的埃卢酸盐。在 4 至 20% Tris-Glycine SDS 页面凝胶上运行收集的凝胶分数,以及溶解的解液和在室温下洗涤馏分,在 4 摄氏度的台式离心机中将收集的未收集馏分将浓度拉至 500 微升或更少的体积。通过0.2微米旋转柱过滤器过滤浓缩蛋白质,将滤液注入S-200缓冲液中平衡的尺寸排除柱上。

在秒四至 20%Tris-Glycine SDS 页面凝胶上运行峰值分数后,染色凝胶并收集纯峰值分数,以在 4 摄氏度的 50 公斤道尔顿截止集中器中浓度。然后测量蛋白质样品在280纳米波长的吸光度,以确定浓度,然后无限期地将样品储存在负80摄氏度。要进行谷胱甘肽交叉链接测定,首先,在S-200缓冲液的三微升中加入每毫升0.5毫克解冻蛋白,以5微升S200缓冲液。

加入一升20%硫酸钠和1.5%谷胱甘肽的微升,完成负控制反应。加入一微升水和一微升1.5%谷胱甘肽,完成实验样品。在室温下30分钟后,用5微升的3x SDS页面凝胶加载模具终止反应,含有过量的Tris缓冲液,以淬火谷氨酸,并加载所有15微升溶液到4至20%的Tris-Glycine SDS页面凝胶上。

然后,在染色前以 200 伏特运行凝胶 30 分钟,以确定暗色交叉链接的范围,如以变性单体两倍大小的带来证明。在缓慢的轨道摇床上摇动,将凝胶染色添加到凝胶中,使凝胶染色。这里,镍亲和色谱中未分离分数的典型凝胶显示三种部分纯化蛋白质,其中酸盐分数没有显示与玻酸盐运输器对应的重要带,因为对于表达不过度的蛋白质,其比例不强。

每个凝胶中的ad毫摩尔洗涤道显示,尽管其相对较高的发射体旧浓度较高,但十种组蛋白的损耗最小。虽然与玻酸盐运输机对应的带子在逃避的分数中很容易明显。在S200柱注射之前,蛋白质对于许多下游应用的纯化不足,每个样品中的额外波段所示。

然而,在它们注入大小排除柱后,可以观察到高纯度的未观测分数。交联表明,纯化的同质运输器可以很容易地在溶液中组装,并结合程度取决于彼此附近的莱辛残留物的数量。要么在摄氏四度的房间的冰上,要么在熟食盒里。

按照这个程序,膜蛋白可以进一步定性的生物物理,生化或结构方法,包括X射线晶体学或低温电子显微镜。通过使一定量的均质蛋白得到纯化,这些技术被用来确定阿拉比多普西沙利纳一个运输器的晶体结构。

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