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Biology
延时结构照明显微镜线粒体核素的特定标签
延时结构照明显微镜线粒体核素的特定标签
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JoVE Journal Biology
Specific Labeling of Mitochondrial Nucleoids for Time-lapse Structured Illumination Microscopy

延时结构照明显微镜线粒体核素的特定标签

Full Text
7,719 Views
07:53 min
June 4, 2020

DOI: 10.3791/60003-v

Visnja Jevtic1, Petra Kindle1, Sergiy V. Avilov1

1Imaging Facility,Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol enables the specific labeling of mitochondrial nucleoids in live cells, facilitating the quantitative study of their motion at high resolution. By utilizing a commercially available DNA gel stain, the method circumvents the need for fluorescent protein overexpression, thus avoiding artifacts and broadening applicability to non-transfectable cell types.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Cell biology
  • Microscopy
  • Molecular biology

Background

  • Mitochondrial nucleoids play a crucial role in cellular function.
  • Conventional staining methods can introduce artifacts.
  • The study focuses on optimizing conditions for selective nucleoid labeling.

Methods Used

  • Super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM)
  • HeLa cells
  • SYBR Gold staining

Main Results

  • The protocol allows effective visualization of mitochondrial nucleoids as bright spots.
  • Time-lapse imaging provides tracking of nucleoid motion in real time.
  • High-resolution imaging reveals dynamics that surpass the diffraction limit.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates a novel method for labeling mitochondrial nucleoids, yielding valuable insights into their motion.
  • The findings enhance the understanding of mitochondrial dynamics and their significance in cell biology research.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of labeling mitochondrial nucleoids?
Labeling allows for the visualization and tracking of nucleoid dynamics in live cells, providing insights into mitochondrial function.
Why use SYBR Gold instead of fluorescent proteins?
SYBR Gold avoids the artifacts associated with protein overexpression and can be used in non-transfectable cell types.
What imaging technology is used in this protocol?
The protocol utilizes super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) for high-resolution imaging.
Can this method be applied to other cell types?
Yes, the protocol is designed to work with non-transfectable cells, expanding its utility across different cell types.
How does the time-lapse imaging enhance understanding of mitochondrial dynamics?
Time-lapse imaging allows researchers to observe live motion and behavior of nucleoid structures over time, providing dynamic insights.
What are the potential applications of this research?
This research can be applied to studies involving mitochondrial biology, genetics, and cellular metabolism research.
What concentration of SYBR Gold is recommended?
Lower concentrations are recommended to avoid extensive nuclear staining and enhance specificity for mitochondrial labeling.

该协议描述了线粒体核物与商业上可用的DNA凝胶染色的具体标记,通过超高分辨率结构化照明显微镜(SR-SIM)获取活标记细胞的延时序列,以及自动跟踪核素运动。

该协议允许在活细胞中对线粒体核苷酸进行特定标记,并采用高分辨率对它们的运动进行定量研究。使用荧光染料的孵育只会绕过对荧光蛋白的表达需求,避免相关的伪影和限制,并允许我们的协议应用于非可转染细胞。为了达到优先的核样染色,一个人应该使用SYBR黄金和没有别的条件,我们已经优化。

否则,总细胞DNA可能会被染色。在贴标程序前一天,在35毫米培养皿中培养四倍10至第五个 HeLa 细胞,在两毫升的培养中培养。第二天早上,在PBS的两毫升中清洗细胞,然后加入一毫升酚红色无培养基和一毫升适当的2X标签溶液。

在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下30分钟后,小心地从每35毫米培养皿中吸出含有上经剂的染料,用两毫升PBS清洗细胞。然后用新鲜的酚红色自由细胞培养基培养细胞,将培养物返回细胞培养箱,从光到活成像。对于活细胞成像,在成像会议前至少一小时,将舞台顶部培养箱放在超分辨率结构化照明显微镜舞台上,将温度设定为37摄氏度,二氧化碳浓度设置为5% 切换显微镜的所有组件,包括激光,并选择高放大倍率、高数字孔径浸入目标,这是显微镜制造商推荐的超分辨率结构化照明显微镜。

当激光预热后,将 35 毫米 Petri 盘安装到显微镜舞台上,并使用眼部定位一个与电池连接在培养皿底部的感兴趣区域。要获取超分辨率结构化照明显微镜图像,请使用端端高端电子倍增电荷耦合器件摄像机。在图像采集软件中,按照相机的建议设置高电子倍增增益。

在获取核素跟踪的时间推移序列之前,在一个通道中获取同一视场的两种颜色超分辨率结构化照明显微镜图像,用于线粒体染色,另一个通道用于 SYBR 金。将线粒体图像颜色通道设置为用于线粒体污渍的适当激发和发射,并设置SYBR金染料的适当激发和爆炸通发射过滤器。为两个通道设置尽可能低的激光功率。

如果显微镜仅按顺序获取通道,请关闭通道以进行线粒体染色检测。取消软件中的 Z 堆栈盒,以关闭 Z 堆栈采集,以设置单个焦平面的采集,并设置尽可能短的摄像机曝光时间。设置网格的三次旋转,以多个激光功率值和几个曝光时间获取标记的电池的二维图像,从而优化相机曝光时间中的激光功率。

选择激光功率和摄像机曝光时间,这些图像可生成具有线粒体中亮点的结构化照明显微镜图像,且伪影很少或没有伪影,并使用优化设置开始获取时间推移系列。要分析时间推移图像,请打开转换后的结构化照明显微镜图像和具有点跟踪模块的适当图像分析软件,然后单击"添加新点"以启动点创建向导。在"创建"选项卡下,单击一段时间的跟踪点,然后继续执行向导的第二步。

将估计 x-y 直径设置为 0.1 至 0.15 微米。单击背景减法,然后继续执行向导中的第三步。拖动直方图中的垂直线以调整质量过滤器的阈值,直到检测到大多数核苷酸,因为每个帧内未检测到伪影中的斑点。

继续执行向导的第四步和第五步,然后选择自动回归运动算法。将最大距离设置为 0.5 微米,将最大间隙大小设置为零。当微调参数允许软件正确检测所有斑点并生成轨道时,单击"立即箭头"按钮以确认轨道的创建,然后单击统计信息图标以提取轨道统计信息。

然后选择必要的统计参数,然后单击"保存到"以将值导出为点 CSV 文件进行量化和可视化。使用高浓度的 SYBR 金或 PicoGreen 标记会导致细胞质中核和双质染色的大量染色。在较低的浓度下,微弱的SYBR金信号出现在细胞质内的亮点图案中。

低浓度的笔克绿色标签主要产生核染色。在远红色线粒体染料中同时染色,同时对低浓度的SYBR金进行染色表明,几乎所有的SYBR金染色都发生在线粒体内,而高浓度标记会导致核和细胞质的显著染色。延时成像显示,45分钟后,核染色接近饱和。

固定导致染料稍微再分配到细胞核,而固定细胞的渗透消除了线粒体的点状染色模式,增强了核染色。如果SYBR金在固定和渗透后被添加到细胞中,那么染料在细胞质和细胞核上均匀分布,导致染色特异性的丧失。通过超分辨率结构化照明显微镜进行实时细胞 3D 成像,将线粒体核体揭示为线粒体内的亮点。

跟踪核体在超过衍射极限的分辨率下的位置表明,大多数核体表现出可能局限于线粒体网络的短距离随机运动。需要注意的是,此协议与样本的固定不兼容。然而,我们的协议应该与广泛的活细胞成像为基础的测定兼容,用于研究分子和细胞器的形态、动力学和活动。

我们的研究说明了将非有机染料重新定位为基于细胞的技术的优点。它可能激发探索其他荧光染料在细胞研究的应用。

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