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Neuroscience
免疫细胞衍生细胞外囊泡的表征及研究功能对细胞环境的影响
免疫细胞衍生细胞外囊泡的表征及研究功能对细胞环境的影响
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JoVE Journal Neuroscience
Characterization of Immune Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles and Studying Functional Impact on Cell Environment

免疫细胞衍生细胞外囊泡的表征及研究功能对细胞环境的影响

Full Text
7,269 Views
10:09 min
June 2, 2020

DOI: 10.3791/60118-v

Quentin Lemaire1, Marie Duhamel1, Antonella Raffo-Romero1, Michel Salzet1, Christophe Lefebvre1

1U1192-Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM),Univ. Lille, INSERM

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study details protocols for the isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from microglia and blood macrophages, emphasizing their roles in neurite outgrowth regulation and glioma cell invasion control. The findings aim to enhance our understanding of EV functions as immune mediators within specific microenvironments.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play significant roles in cell communication.
  • Microglia and macrophages are crucial immune cells in the central nervous system.
  • Understanding how EVs influence neuronal functions can provide insights into neuroimmune interactions.
  • Current EV isolation techniques can impact the integrity and activity of the vesicles.

Purpose of Study

  • To evaluate EVs derived from microglia and blood macrophages in different biological contexts.
  • To assess the impact of these EVs on neurite outgrowth and glioma cell behavior.
  • To establish reliable protocols for EV isolation that ensure biological integrity.

Methods Used

  • The primary method involves cell culture followed by stepwise centrifugation to isolate EVs from conditioned media.
  • Nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blot techniques are utilized for EV characterization.
  • Details include ultra-centrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and protein extraction methods.
  • Attention is given to maintaining biological ethics during EV handling.

Main Results

  • Significantly higher particle counts were observed in specific fractions enriched for EVs.
  • Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of cardiac stress-related proteins in EV-positive samples.
  • Electron microscopy identified the size range of isolated EVs, indicating successful isolation methods.

Conclusions

  • The developed protocols for EV isolation from microglia and macrophages may enhance research on immune-mediated neurodevelopmental processes.
  • The study provides a framework for future investigations into EV roles in various biological contexts.
  • Understanding the functional implications of these EVs could inform therapeutic strategies in neurological diseases.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the advantages of using this EV isolation method?
This protocol ensures higher integrity and activity of isolated EVs compared to traditional techniques, which can lead to more reliable experimental outcomes.
How is the main biological model implemented in the study?
The study utilizes cultured microglia and blood macrophages to derive EVs, allowing exploration of their functional roles in neuronal contexts.
What types of data are obtained from the analysis of isolated EVs?
Data includes particle quantification, protein presence via Western blot, and morphological assessment through electron microscopy, providing insights into EV characteristics.
How can this method be applied or adapted for other studies?
The protocols can be adapted for various cell types and experimental settings to examine the role of EVs in different biological processes and diseases.
What are the key considerations when working with extracellular vesicles?
Maintaining sample integrity during isolation and adhering to biological ethics are crucial for obtaining reliable results from EV research.

本报告强调了从微胶质或血液巨噬细胞分离细胞外囊泡(EV)的时间顺序要求。微胶质衍生的EV被评价为神经外生长的调节器,而血液巨噬细胞衍生的EV在体外检测中控制C6胶质瘤细胞入侵时被研究。目标是更好地了解这些EV功能作为免疫中介器在特定微环境中。

该协议使得有可能保证细胞外囊泡的分离和 EBDF 蛋白数量的增加的通知。与其他隔离技术相比,这种技术认为它更完整,更垂直活动。电动汽车在LC和病理条件下的研究也越来越多。

此方法可应用于我们选择描述和研究 EV 的任何系统。对于该内容或生物伦理,在跟踪电动汽车时需要特别注意,如在培养中导致以下实验。视觉演示对于承载特定设备(如自制尺寸排除色谱柱)以及纳米粒子计数器和质谱仪的参与至关重要。

帮助证明这个程序将是安东内拉拉福罗梅罗,一个从实验室。首先从条件介质中预隔离细胞外囊泡或 EV。将条件从微胶质或巨噬细胞培养物转移到培养基中,并将其在1,200次G下离心10分钟,以粒粒细胞。

将上流液转移到新的锥形管中,并再将离心机转移20分钟,以消除凋亡体。然后将上一液转移到10.4毫升聚碳酸酯管中。将管子放入 70.1 TI 转子中,在 100,000 次 G 下将超离心机放入 4 摄氏度下 90 分钟,以对 EV 进行颗粒。

离心后,丢弃上清液,将颗粒重新在 200 微升 0.2 微米过滤 PBS 中。要隔离 EV,请通过清洗和消毒玻璃色谱柱,并在底部放置 60 微升过滤器,准备自制尺寸排除色谱柱。将柱子与交链接的阿加罗斯凝胶过滤基层堆叠在一起,形成直径为 0.6 厘米、高度为 20 厘米的固定相。

然后用 50 毫升 0.2 微米过滤 PBS 冲洗相。如有必要,请将柱存放在摄氏四度,供以后使用。将重新暂停的 EV 颗粒放在固定相的顶部,收集 250 微升的 20 个连续分数,同时继续将 PBS 添加到固定相的顶部。

分数可以储存在零下20摄氏度。要执行纳米颗粒跟踪分析,用 0.2 微米过滤 PBS 稀释每个分数,并涡旋以消除聚集体。将溶液放入一毫升注射器中,并放入自动注射器泵中。

接下来,将摄像机设置调整为适当的屏幕增益级别和摄像机级别,然后单击"运行"。将样品加载到分析室中,输液速率为 1000 15 秒。然后减少并稳定视频录制的速度流,以 25 的输液速率 15 秒。

连续捕获三个 60 秒的粒子流视频。然后在视频分析之前调整摄像机电平和检测阈值。单击"设置确定"以开始分析,并在完成时单击"导出"。

用一毫升 0.2 微米过滤 PBS 清洗系统。如果执行电子显微镜分析,使用50千吨离心滤波器来浓缩感兴趣的大小排除色谱分数。对于蛋白质提取,将50微升RIPA缓冲液与EV样品混合5分钟。

在500瓦和20千赫下对样品进行三次声波化,5秒钟。然后在摄氏4度下以2万次G离心10分钟,清除车辆碎屑。隔离蛋白质后,在12%聚丙烯凝胶的堆叠凝胶中执行蛋白质迁移。

在室温下将凝胶中的蛋白质与库马西蓝混合20分钟。然后切除每块彩色凝胶,并切成小块。如手稿中所述,将凝胶片通过一系列连续洗涤。

然后用真空浓缩器完全干燥。干燥后,在56摄氏度下,用100微升100毫摩尔碳酸氢铵,含有10毫摩尔二十二醇,减少蛋白质一小时。接下来,用含有50毫摩尔碘多乙酰胺的100微升100毫摩尔碳酸氢钠进行蛋白烷化,在黑暗中45分钟。

根据手稿说明清洗凝胶片,并在真空浓缩器上完全干燥。在37摄氏度的碳酸氢铵中用50微升的三聚液进行蛋白质消化。第二天,用50微升100%ACN从凝胶中提取消化的蛋白质,在37摄氏度下30分钟,然后在室温下15分钟连续搅拌。

然后在20毫摩尔碳酸氢铵中用50微升5%TFA的50微升提取蛋白质两次,同时连续搅拌20分钟。加入 100 微升的 ACN,继续搅拌 10 分钟。之后,干燥蛋白质,并在20微升0.1%TFA中重新暂停。

使用带 C 18 反向相介质的 10 微升移液器尖端对样品进行脱盐和浓缩肽。然后用ACN和0.1%的甲酸洗。使用真空浓缩器完全干燥样品,并在 20 微升 ACN 和 0.1% 甲酸中重新泵化,用于液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS)。

将消化的肽加载到仪器中,并进行样品分析。为了确认EV隔离,每个SCC分数都经过纳米粒子跟踪分析。粒子数在分数五、六和七中显著增加。

这些分数被汇集到一个样本2F-EV阳性,并与EV负数分数,1F-EV阴性和3F-EV阴性进行比较,使用西方印迹分析。结果表明,在EV阳性样品和细胞酸盐控制中存在热休克蛋白90。EV 阳性样本的电子显微镜显示 EV 的尺寸范围约为 100 纳米和 400 纳米。

为了识别EV阴性样品中的污染物蛋白,并描述EV的蛋白质含量,进行了蛋白质组学分析。在1F-EV阴性样本和2F-EV阳性样本之间,以及2F-EV阳性样本和3F-EV阴性样本之间,对已识别的蛋白质进行比较。使用这种非靶向方法,将536种蛋白质的池提交给ExoCarta数据库,并导致86个EV相关蛋白质的识别。

此外,该池还允许识别蛋白质相互作用及其相关的生物功能。研究发现,EV阳性样本中的蛋白质在免疫和神经保护途径中发挥作用。用PC 12细胞和大鼠原发神经元对神经素产生的影响进行了评价。

与控制相比,在电动汽车下观察到显著增长。对胶质瘤细胞入侵进行了巨噬细胞衍生的电动汽车评价。研究发现,EV损害了胶质瘤球体的生长和入侵。

要记住的最重要的事情是真正小心地丢弃超离心步骤的上清液,以防止在此过程中丢失 EV。我们赞成采用大规模和非靶向的方法,关注整个蛋白质含量,然后关注电动汽车的垂直效应。因此,核酸中的内容可以通过分析来关联。

通过这种方法,从初级培养,我们能够区分EV蛋白和自由蛋白,是品种之外。因此,问题仍然是,这种凝固是神器还是一些其他真正的

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