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通过受激拉曼散射成像对氘掺入单个细菌进行快速抗菌药敏试验
通过受激拉曼散射成像对氘掺入单个细菌进行快速抗菌药敏试验
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JoVE Journal Biology
Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Deuterium Incorporation in a Single Bacterium

通过受激拉曼散射成像对氘掺入单个细菌进行快速抗菌药敏试验

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3,285 Views
12:08 min
February 14, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/62398-v

Meng Zhang1,2, Mohamed N. Seleem3, Ji-Xin Cheng1,2,4,5

1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Boston University, 2Boston University Photonics Center,Boston University, 3Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering,Boston University, 5Department of Chemistry,Boston University

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Overview

This study describes a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) assay that can be completed in 2.5 hours using single-cell-stimulated Raman scattering imaging of D2O metabolism. This protocol is significant as it allows for testing of bacterial samples from urine and whole blood, providing a transformative approach to rapid single-cell phenotypic AST in clinical settings.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Antimicrobial susceptibility testing
  • Clinical microbiology
  • Rapid diagnostic methods

Background

  • Conventional AST methods require longer processing times.
  • Rapid methods could lead to timely and targeted treatments for patients.
  • Single-cell analysis provides detailed insights into bacterial behavior.

Methods Used

  • Single-cell-stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging
  • Bacteria from urine and whole blood
  • Sequential dilution and antibiotic treatment of bacterial samples

Main Results

  • Successful implementation of rapid AST within 2.5 hours.
  • Effectiveness demonstrated in monitoring bacterial metabolic activity.
  • Conclusions aligned with the potential for clinical application.

Conclusions

  • This study demonstrates a rapid and effective method for AST using SRS imaging.
  • The approach has the potential to significantly improve the speed and accuracy of bacterial diagnostics in clinical microbiology.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the advantage of this protocol over traditional methods?
This protocol significantly reduces the time required for antimicrobial susceptibility testing from several hours to just 2.5 hours.
Can this method be applied to different bacterial species?
Yes, this method is adaptable to various bacterial species present in urine and blood.
What technology is primarily used in this study?
The primary technology used is single-cell-stimulated Raman scattering imaging.
What type of samples were tested in this study?
The study involved bacterial samples spiked in urine and whole blood.
How does this method measure bacterial metabolism?
It measures metabolic activity through deuterium incorporation and Raman scattering imaging.
What are the implications of this technology in a clinical setting?
The rapid results can lead to more timely and effective treatments for infections.
Is there a specific antibiotic concentration used in the testing?
Yes, the assay uses a serial dilution method to test various concentrations of antibiotics.

该协议通过D 2 O代谢的单细胞刺激拉曼散射成像在2.5小时内提供快速抗菌药敏试验(AST)测定。该方法适用于尿液或全血环境中的细菌,对于临床上的快速单细胞表型AST具有变革性。

可以在2.5小时内在尿液和血液中进行快速抗菌药敏试验,与传统的肉汤微量稀释方法相比,这被认为大大缩短了分析时间。它可以在复杂环境中监测细菌代谢活动,例如全血。首先,通过使用600纳米波长的光度计测量光密度来检查样品中的细菌浓度。

为了达到每毫升第五个菌落形成单位(CFU)的8倍10的最终细胞浓度,请使用不含氘的正常MHB培养基稀释细菌溶液。通过涡旋混合细菌细胞后,在一个1.5毫升微管中除去300微升等分试样的细菌溶液,在一个1.5毫升微管中取出600微升等分试样的细菌溶液。然后将4.8微升抗生素储备溶液加入含有600微升细菌溶液的微管中,以达到每毫升8微克的最终抗生素浓度。

将300微升含抗生素的细菌溶液加入不含抗生素的300微升等分试样中,以获得两倍稀释溶液,最终抗生素浓度为每毫升4微克。重复测试抗生素的两倍连续稀释,直到达到每毫升0.25微克的最低浓度。从最后一个微管中丢弃300微升溶液。

将一根不含抗生素的试管分配给使用氘处理的阳性对照,将无氘的阴性对照分配。将细菌等分试样与含有MHB的抗生素培养基孵育一小时。同时,用100%含氘的MHB培养基制备抗生素的系列稀释液,浓度梯度与前面描述的相同。

孵育一小时后,将700微升用100%含氘MHB培养基连续稀释的抗生素加入相同抗生素浓度的300微升抗生素预处理细菌中。通过上下移液几次使混合物均质化。将 700 微升不含抗生素的 100% 含 MHB 培养基加入 300 微升无抗生素细菌作为阳性对照。

将 700 微升不含抗生素的 0% 氘含有 MHB 培养基加入 300 微升无抗生素细菌作为阴性对照。将所有微管在 37 摄氏度下孵育,每分钟 200 转 30 分钟。孵育后,将一毫升抗生素和氘处理过的细菌样品在6, 200倍g下在4摄氏度下离心5分钟。

然后用纯净水清洗沉淀两次。将样品固定在10%体积的福尔马林溶液中,并将其储存在4摄氏度。通过使用600纳米波长的光度计测量光密度,检查新鲜制备的细菌样品中的大肠杆菌浓度。

为了模拟临床尿路感染样本,将大肠杆菌样本加标到 10 毫升去识别的尿液样本中,以达到每毫升 10 至 6 CFU 的最终浓度。使用五微米过滤器过滤大肠杆菌加标尿液,并将过滤后的细菌溶液以300微升等分试样分成七个1.5毫升微管,将600微升等分试样分成一个1.5毫升微管。如前所述,在抗生素存在下进行氘掺入处理。

为了模拟临床血流感染样本,在一毫升去识别化的人类血液中加入铜绿假单胞菌,以达到每毫升 10 至 6 CFU 的最终浓度。要裂解血液,请加入九毫升无菌纯净水。使用五微米过滤器过滤铜绿假单胞菌加标的血液。

然后,通过在4摄氏度下以6, 200倍g离心5分钟,从过滤后的样品中收获细菌至1毫升体积。离心后,将300微升等分试样中的铜绿假单胞菌加标血液溶液分成七个1.5毫升微管和1个1.5毫升微管中的600微升等分试样细菌溶液,并在抗生素存在下进行氘掺入处理如前所述。样品制备时,用纯净水洗涤1毫升固定细菌溶液,并将洗涤后的细菌溶液以6, 200倍g离心5分钟,温度为4摄氏度。

除去上清液,用灭菌水将细菌溶液富集至约20微升。将细菌溶液沉积在聚-L-赖氨酸涂层盖玻片上,与另一个盖玻片夹心,并密封样品。在SRS显微镜中,具有80兆赫兹重复率的可调飞秒激光器提供泵浦和斯托克斯激发激光器。

斯托克斯光束由2.4兆赫兹的声光调制器调制。两束光束通过二向色镜组合在一起。然后将泵浦和斯托克斯光束引导到实验室制造的激光扫描显微镜中,该显微镜带有2D振镜进行激光扫描。

60倍水镜将激光聚焦到样品上,油冷凝器从样品中收集信号。两个滤光片用于滤除斯托克斯光束,而泵浦光束由光电二极管检测,然后由锁相放大器提取受激拉曼信号。使用控制软件,输入泵浦波长并将其调谐为 852 纳米。

将C到D振动频率调整为2,168波数,以使用SRS显微镜对细菌进行成像。使用功率计测量激光功率。通过调整激光输出前面的半波板,将样品处的泵浦激光器功率设置为 8 毫瓦,将斯托克斯激光在样品处的功率设置为 50 毫瓦。

将标准样品DMSO d6放在样品台上,并使用60倍水浸物镜将泵浦和斯托克斯激光器聚焦在样品上。通过调整反射镜的螺钉,在空间上对齐泵浦和斯托克斯光束,并将两个光束引导到配备2D Galvo反射镜系统的正置显微镜中进行激光扫描。在软件控制面板中,将每个 SRS 图像设置为包含 200 x 200 像素,并将像素停留时间设置为 30 微秒。

一幅图像的总采集时间约为1.2秒。将步长设置为 150 纳米,因此图像大小约为 30 x 30 平方微米。优化系统后,取出标准样品,将细菌样品放在60倍水浸物镜下的样品台上。

开始细菌样本的SRS成像。为每个样本至少成像三个视野。孵育时间对氘掺入的影响通过CD和CH区域的自发拉曼显微光谱法测量。

单个细菌的氘孵育时间的 CD 与 CH 强度比图显示,在孵育时间内,CD 与 CH 强度的关系从 0 增加到 180 分钟。铜绿假单胞菌的SRS成像在与庆大霉素和70%氘孵育时进行。进一步的定量统计分析表明,与没有庆大霉素治疗相比,细菌的CD信号在每毫升2微克或庆大霉素浓度时显着降低。

临界强度阈值为0.60,得出的结论是,铜绿假单胞菌在每毫升2微克和更高浓度的庆大霉素下受到代谢抑制。在正常MHB培养基中,铜绿假单胞菌对庆大霉素的SC-MIC被确定为每毫升2微克,这在通过肉汤微量稀释法测定的MIC为每毫升4微克的一倍差异范围内。通过SRS成像对大肠杆菌加标尿液样本进行快速抗菌药敏试验(AST)。

测定大肠杆菌加标尿液样品阿莫西林的SC-MIC为每毫升4微克,其敏感性读数与常规肉汤稀释法测定正常MHB培养基中纯大肠杆菌的MIC为每毫升8微克相同。通过SRS成像研究了加标人血铜绿假单胞菌快速AST的适用性。SRS图像的CD强度为每厘米2,168,主要由来自活细菌代谢氘掺入的细菌信号主导。

血液中铜绿假单胞菌的SC-MIC为每毫升2微克,与正常生长培养基中铜绿假单胞菌的常规标准MIC结果吻合较好。根据临床和实验室标准协会的建议,用于抗菌药敏试验的细菌细胞数保持在每毫升10至第五个菌落形成单位的五倍左右。较高的细菌浓度会导致最小抑菌浓度的增加。

将原位病原体鉴定和快速抗微生物药物敏感性检测诊断相结合,可以转化为临床,以便及时识别适当的抗菌剂以进行精确治疗。

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