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从人眼高效、一致地生成视网膜色素上皮/脉络膜平面安装,用于组织学分析
从人眼高效、一致地生成视网膜色素上皮/脉络膜平面安装,用于组织学分析
JoVE Journal
Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Efficient and Consistent Generation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium/Choroid Flatmounts from Human Eyes for Histological Analysis

从人眼高效、一致地生成视网膜色素上皮/脉络膜平面安装,用于组织学分析

Full Text
3,423 Views
07:59 min
October 28, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64761-v

Davide Ortolan1, Andrei Volkov1, Arvydas Maminishkis1, Ruchi Sharma1, Kapil Bharti1

1Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, National Eye Institute,National Institutes of Health (NIH)

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

The study presents a novel method for efficiently separating retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from human retina, enabling the generation of whole RPE/choroid flatmounts. This approach facilitates histological and morphometric analysis, enhancing the understanding of phenotypic differences in RPE cells across the human retina.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Retinal research
  • Histological analysis
  • Morphometric studies

Background

  • Retinal degenerative diseases present varied phenotypic characteristics.
  • Understanding RPE cell differences is crucial for advancing therapeutic strategies.
  • High reproducibility of the dissection technique is vital for consistent results.

Methods Used

  • Dissection technique developed for the separation of RPE from retina
  • Human retina as the biological system
  • Use of REShAPE software for analyzing RPE flat mounts

Main Results

  • Successful detachment of RPE from the retina was achieved with a reproducible method.
  • Enhanced analysis through software allowed for detailed morphometric assessments.
  • Facilitated investigation of regional differences in RPE phenotype linked to different retinal diseases.

Conclusions

  • The study provides a reliable method for RPE extraction, instrumental for investigating retinal health.
  • Findings advance the understanding of retinal disease mechanisms.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of separating RPE from the retina?
Separating RPE from the retina allows for detailed study of its cellular characteristics and role in retinal diseases.
How does the REShAPE software assist in this research?
REShAPE software analyzes large images of RPE flat mounts, enabling precise morphometric analysis.
What types of diseases can be studied using this method?
The method can be applied to study various retinal degenerative diseases and their impact on RPE phenotype.
Is this dissection technique reproducible?
Yes, the technique has been developed to be highly reproducible, ensuring consistent results across samples.
What are the applications of this research?
This research aids in understanding retinal pathologies, guiding potential therapeutic interventions.
Can the method be adapted for other types of tissues?
While designed for the retina, the principles may be adapted for studies of other tissues with similar characteristics.
What precautions should be taken during the dissection?
Care must be taken to avoid damaging the RPE and to ensure the integrity of the samples during the dissection process.

我们描述了一种有效地将视网膜色素上皮(RPE)与人眼视网膜分离并生成整个RPE /脉络膜平板安装以用于RPE的组织学和形态学分析的方法。

这种方法有助于了解RP细胞在整个人类视网膜上的表型差异。Davide Ortolan开发的解剖技术在RP和视网膜之间产生分离方面具有高度可重复性。REShAPE软件在分析RP平面安装座的大图像方面非常可观。

Davide开发的方法可用于研究不同类型视网膜退行性疾病患者的RP表型的区域差异。首先,将 50 毫升锥形管切得略低于 5 毫升标记。使用热胶将管尖连接到称量舟的底部。

然后以 10:1 的比例混合有机硅弹性体套件的两种成分,避免滞留空气。将混合物倒入装有圆底管球形片的称量舟中。将硅胶在室温下固化过夜。

从固化的硅胶模具中取出称量舟和圆底管。首先,用 1700 毫摩尔的 D-甘露醇溶液填充 1 毫升注射器,并将其连接到 21 号针头上。将针头插入扁平部以避免刺穿眼睛的前房,并将400微升溶液注入玻璃体。

将眼睛在室温下放置 45 分钟。使用一把细剪刀和镊子,在扁平部水平处切开前房。用含有钙和镁的DPBS填充后眼室。

在体视显微镜下,定位视网膜上可见为黄色斑点的黄斑。将眼睛切成象限,即鼻、颞、上和下,同时确保保留黄斑区域。如果针头挡住了,请取下针头。

将蝴蝶转移到眼睛的后房中,放入含有含有DPBS和钙和镁的100毫米培养皿中。在移除视网膜之前,通过在睫状边缘做一个V形切口来标记包含黄斑的花瓣。抬起并切开视网膜上的所有玻璃体。

从所有花瓣的睫状边缘切开视网膜,确保不会划伤 RPE。将组织置于4%PFA中并孵育一小时。用含有钙和镁的DPBS洗涤三次。

将组织转移到装有相同缓冲液的容器中,并将其储存在4摄氏度。接下来,将样品转移到含有DPBS和钙和镁的100毫米培养皿中。用 1.5 毫米活检打孔打出视神经头。

收集视网膜并将其储存在4摄氏度的同一缓冲液中。要从 RPE 脉络膜上去除巩膜,请从外围轻轻抬起 RPE 脉络膜层。然后用一把Vannas弹簧剪刀,剪断巩膜和RPE之间的脉络膜血管和结缔组织。

与巩膜完全分离后,收集RPE脉络膜层。将组织转移到装有含有钙和镁的DPBS的容器中,并将其储存在4摄氏度。将RPE脉络膜转移到六孔板的一个孔中。

在室温下将样品封闭并透化一小时。将样品在室温下与与647荧光团偶联的鬼笔环肽在透化缓冲液中以1至250稀释度孵育一小时。在含有钙和镁的DPBS中洗涤三次。

将RPE脉络膜样品转移到50 x 75毫米的载玻片上并展平。将每个花瓣切成两半,使样品更平坦。用疏水笔绘制平面支架的轮廓。

为了淬灭脂褐素自发荧光,加入500微升自体荧光淬灭剂溶液,并在室温下孵育两分钟。在含有钙和镁的DPBS中彻底清洗。取下 DPBS 并添加安装介质。

将盖玻片放在平面支架上,并用指甲油密封。打开软件。在目录选项卡中,选择输入和输出文件夹。

在输出目录中,让软件自动更改输入目录或进程的路径。或者,手动更改输出目录。要生成热图,请从创建彩色图像选项卡的下拉菜单中选择全部。

选中"使用手动限制"功能中的"否"框,让软件使用在每个图像中检测到的最小值和最大值。选中"是"框以手动调整每个形状指标热图的值范围。然后单击设置限制按钮并在文本框中插入值以选择各个参数的范围。

更改感兴趣的值后,单击保存。单击低默认值以重置所有限制。要在较低的像元大小中选择像元大小阈值,请插入要包含在分析中的最小像元的大小。

在"单元格大小上限"中,插入要包含的最大单元格的大小。在"将像素转换为实数单位"中,选中"否"以像素单位运行分析,选中"是"以微米为单位运行分析。在比例尺像素长度中,在文本框中输入像素值。

在比例尺微米的长度中,输入相应的距离(以微米为单位)。要开始分析,请按 go 键。该协议产生平面安装的单平面图像,其中细胞位置由 REShAPE 生成的 RPE 细胞边界分割来识别。

此外,还为每个正确识别的 RPE 细胞测量 30 个形状指标,包括单个 RPE 细胞的细胞面积。由残留的视网膜或其他明亮物体产生的黑色瓷砖可以通过选择RT滤镜下拉菜单中可用的过滤选项之一来去除。使用 RBG 图像进行整形分析将生成完全黑色的二进制图像。

如果发生这种情况,将 RGB 图像转换为灰度将生成正确分割的二进制图像。如果染色不是最佳的,或者样品被划痕损坏,那么大团块的细胞可以被识别为一个非常大的细胞。在这种情况下,可以通过更改像元大小阈值从分析中排除大型对象。

为了获得扁平的组织,即使这些步骤可能需要很长时间,也需要将RP和脉络膜与巩膜分开。在 RP 平面安装生成后,可以对其他 RPE 标记进行染色,以便您可以研究 RP 单层的不同区域。使用这种方法,我们发现了五种不同的RP群体,它们对不同的视网膜退行性疾病具有不同的敏感性。

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