Chapter 33
Evolutionary History

Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the…

Around 4 billion years ago, oceans began to condense on earth while volcanic eruptions released nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and…

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth…

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the…

Ultra-long Read Sequencing for Whole Genomic DNA Analysis
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Third generation single-molecule DNA sequencing technologies offer significantly longer read length that can facilitate the assembly of complex…

Natural evolution involves genetic diversity such as environmental change and a selection between small populations. Adaptive laboratory evolution…