हम एक प्रोटोकॉल genotoxic एजेंट azoxymethane (AOM) के प्रशासन जो समर्थक भड़काऊ एजेंट dextran सल्फेट (डीएसएस) तेजी से सोडियम के तीन चक्रों के द्वारा पीछा किया और लगातार चूहों में शब्द के भागों और आणविक मानव बृहदांत्रशोथ में देखा उन लोगों के लिए समानता के साथ बृहदान्त्र ट्यूमर उत्पन्न प्रदर्शित कैंसर से जुड़ा हुआ है.
Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) over healthy individuals. This risk is proportional to the duration and extent of disease, with a cumulative incidence as high as 30% in individuals with longstanding UC with widespread colonic involvement.1 Colonic dysplasia in IBD and colitis associated cancer (CAC) are believed to develop as a result of repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair while these cells are bathed in a chronic inflammatory cytokine milieu.2 While spontaneous and colitis-associated cancers share the quality of being adenocarcinomas, the sequence of underlying molecular events is believed to be different.3 This distinction argues the need for specific animal models of CAC.
Several mouse models currently exist for the study of CAC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), an agent with direct toxic effects on the colonic epithelium, can be administered in drinking water to mice in multiple cycles to create a chronic inflammatory state. With sufficient duration, some of these mice will develop tumors.4 Tumor development is hastened in this model if administered in a pro-carcinogenic setting. These include mice with genetic mutations in tumorigenesis pathways (APC, p53, Msh2), as well as mice pre-treated with genotoxic agents (azoxymethane [AOM], 1,2-dimethylhydrazine [DMH]).5
The combination of DSS with AOM as a model for colitis associated cancer has gained popularity for its reproducibility, potency, low price, and ease of use. Though they have a shared mechanism, AOM has been found to be more potent and stable in solution than DMH. While tumor development in other models generally requires several months, mice injected with AOM and subsequently treated with DSS develop adequate tumors in as little as 7-10 weeks.6, 7 Finally, AOM and DSS can be administered to mice of any genetic background (knock out, transgenic, etc.) without cross-breeding to a specific tumorigenic strain. Here, we demonstrate a protocol for inflammation-driven colonic tumorigenesis in mice utilizing a single injection of AOM followed by three seven-day cycles of DSS over a 10 week period. This model induces tumors with histological and molecular changes closely resembling those occurring in human CAC and provides a highly valuable model for the study of oncogenesis and chemoprevention in this disease.8
AOM और DSS के साथ तेजी से और प्रभावी मॉडल मानव कोलाइटिस से जुड़े कैंसर चूहों के उपचार. Hypotheses बृहदांत्रशोथ जुड़े कैंसर के लिए योगदान कारकों पैतृक के बारे में आसानी से अनुवांशिक इंजीनियर चूहों के साथ अध्ययन क?…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
इस काम के हिस्से में DK089016 और L30 RR030244 (मैक), CA153036 (के रूप में), और P30-DK52574 (वाशिंगटन विश्वविद्यालय पाचन रोग अनुसंधान कोर) द्वारा वित्त पोषित किया गया था. AIT एक हॉवर्ड ह्यूजेस मेडिकल इंस्टीट्यूट मेडिकल रिसर्च ट्रेनिंग फैलो था.
Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
C57BL/6J Mice | Jackson Laboratory | 000664 | |
Azoxymethane (AOM) | Sigma Aldrich | A5486-100MG | Stock solution: dilute to 10 mg/ml in distilled water to be kept at -20 °C as 0.5 – 1 ml aliquots.
Working solution: dilute stock to 1 mg/ml in isotonic (0.9%) saline |
Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) | TdB Consultancy | DB001 | MW 40 kDa (36-50 kDa preparations from other sources are acceptable; The same lot should be used for a single experiment)6 |
Coloview miniendoscopic system | Karl Storz | Multiple | See Becker et al. for detailed explanation of equipment and setup.11 |
TPP Rapid FILTERMAX 500 ml Bottle-Filter, 0.22 μm PES | Midwest Scientific | TP99500 | Any standard tissue culture filter is acceptable |
Ethyl Alcohol 200 Proof ASC/USP | Pharmaco-AAPER (or other) | 11ACS200 | Dilute to 70% in distilled water |
Isoflurane, USP | Butler Animal Health Supply | 4029405 | Place mouse in glass jar with gauze or a small cloth soaked in anesthetic |
18G Straight Gavage Needle | Braintree Scientific | N-008 | |
Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) | Sigma Aldrich | P5493 | Dilute to 1X (0.01 M) in distilled water |
Cold Tray (Tissue Tek II Cold Plate) | Fisher Scientific | NC9491941 | Store at -20 °C |
ImageJ Software | NIH (free download) | http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/ | |
Formaldehyde (37%) | Fisher Scientific | F79-500 | Dilute to 10% in PBS |
BD Bacto Agar | Fisher Scientific | DF0140-01-0 | Use hotplate to create 2% solution in distilled water |
Miltex Eye Dressing Forceps | MedPlus Inc. | 18-780 | |
Miltex Eye Scissors | MedPlus Inc. | 18-1430 | Curved points prevent damage to colon during opening. |
Alcian Blue 8GX (powder) | Sigma Aldrich | A5268 | Add 1 g powder to 100 ml 3% acetic acid (3 ml glacial acetic acid + 97 ml distilled water) |
1 mL Tuberculin syringe with attached 26 G x 3/8 in intradermal bevel needle | BD | 305946 | For injection of AOM |