This article presents a protocol for the production of protein-based nanoparticles that changes the hydrophobic surface to hydrophilic. The produced nanoparticle is an assembly of gliadin-cyanoacrylate diblock copolymers. Spray coating with the produced nanoparticle changes the surface of target material to a hydrophilic surface.
यह लेख प्रोटीन आधारित नैनोकणों के उत्पादन है कि एक साधारण स्प्रे कोटिंग द्वारा हाइड्रोफिलिक को हाइड्रोफोबिक सतह परिवर्तन के लिए एक प्रोटोकॉल प्रस्तुत करता है। ये नैनोकणों अनाज प्रोटीन (gliadin) अणुओं की सतह पर alkyl cyanoacrylate के polymerization प्रतिक्रिया द्वारा उत्पादित कर रहे हैं। अल्काइल cyanoacrylate एक मोनोमर कि तुरन्त आरटी पर polymerizes जब यह सामग्री की सतह के लिए लागू किया जाता है। इसके polymerization प्रतिक्रिया सतह पर कमजोर बुनियादी या न्युक्लेओफ़िलिक प्रजातियों, नमी सहित की मात्रा का पता लगाने द्वारा शुरू की है। एक बार जब polymerized, polymerized alkyl cyanoacrylates वस्तु सामग्री के साथ एक मजबूत संबंध दिखाने क्योंकि nitrile समूहों पाली (alkyl cyanoacrylate) की रीढ़ की हड्डी में हैं। प्रोटीन इसलिए भी कि वे अमाइन समूहों है कि cyanoacrylate के polymerization आरंभ कर सकते हैं शामिल इस polymerization के लिए सर्जक के रूप में काम करते हैं। एकत्रित प्रोटीन एक सर्जक के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है, तो प्रोटीन कुल हाइड्रोफोबिक से घिरा हुआ हैपाली (alkyl cyanoacrylate) alkyl cyanoacrylate के polymerization प्रतिक्रिया के बाद जंजीरों। प्रयोगात्मक हालत को नियंत्रित करके, नैनोमीटर रेंज में कणों का उत्पादन किया जाता है। उत्पादन नैनोकणों आसानी से कांच, धातु, प्लास्टिक, लकड़ी, चमड़ा, और कपड़े सहित अधिकांश सामग्री की सतह को सोखना। एक सामग्री की सतह का उत्पादन nanoparticle निलंबन के साथ छिड़काव और पानी के साथ rinsed है, जब nanoparticle की micellar संरचना अपनी रचना में परिवर्तन, और हाइड्रोफिलिक प्रोटीन हवा के संपर्क में रहे हैं। नतीजतन, nanoparticle लेपित सतह हाइड्रोफिलिक को बदलता है।
The goal of this article is to show the protocol for the preparation of nanoparticle suspension that modifies the wetting property of materials by a simple spray. The presented nanoparticle suspension is made from alkyl cyanoacrylate1 and a cereal protein, gliadin2,3. During the manufacturing process, protein aggregates are formed in aqueous ethanol4. Subsequent reaction with monomer (alkyl cyanoacrylate) produces the nanoparticle that is comprised of a protein core surrounded by linear polymer chains [poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate)]5.
Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate)s are biodegradable and have been used for the production of nanoparticles via emulsion polymerization6. This reaction is spontaneously initiated by the hydroxyl groups dissociated from water or by other nucleophilic groups in the reaction medium7. In the case of the reaction presented in this article, the amine groups on the surface of protein aggregates initiate the polymerization reaction of alkyl cyanoacrylate monomers5,8. As a result of this reaction, nanoparticles are formed in the reaction medium. The core of the nanoparticle is protein aggregates and the outer layer is poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) chains. The prepared nanoparticle has a strong affinity on most materials (more precisely, any material which PACA can adsorb to) and adheres onto their surface to form a thin coating on a nanometer scale. A simple spray coating instantly turns the surface of the materials hydrophilic.
Gliadin is one of the main fractions of gluten, which is in the endosperms of wheat. Gliadins are mainly monomeric proteins with molecular weights around 28,000 – 55,000. Non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and hydrophobic bonds are responsible for the aggregation of gliadins2. Although gliadin is chosen as a reactant in this article, many other proteins can also be used for the same purpose. However, the reaction condition needs to be modified accordingly because the condition for inducing aggregation is dependent on the type of protein to be employed8. Compared with other proteins, gliadin is more readily available, purification is simple, and production cost is low. Although ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) is chosen as a monomer for the presented reaction, other alkyl cyanoacrylates can also be used for the same reaction. The reason for choosing ECA is that it is readily available at low cost.
There are several critical steps in the production of the nanoparticle suspension. If the purified gliadin contains impurities, the reaction with ECA will produce side products. Although these unwanted products can be removed from the reaction medium during the centrifugation stage, it lowers the yield of the major product. If the gliadin solution prepared during experimental step 2.3) does not show clear separation between supernatant and precipitate after two days, the solution needs to stand for longer time. Using fre…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
विशेषज्ञ तकनीकी सहायता के लिए श्री जेसन Adkins करने के लिए धन्यवाद।
Ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA) monomer | K&R International (Laguna Niguel, CA) | I-1605 | Any pure ECA can be used. |
Gliadin | MGP Ingredients, Inc (Atchison, KS) | Gift from the company | Gliadin can be purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (cat #: G3375-25G). Instead of gliadin, any commercial gluten can be used. |
HCl | Any | Any reagent grade chemical can be used. | |
Acetone | Any | Any reagent grade chemical can be used. | |
Methanol | Any | Any reagent grade chemical can be used. | |
Ethanol (100%) | Any | Any reagent grade chemical can be used. | |
Filter paper | Any | Any grade filter paper larger than 10 cm can be used. | |
Cell culture square dish | Any | Any dish larger than 20 cm x 20 cm can be used. | |
Coffee grinder | Any | Any coffee grinder can be used. | |
Rotary evaporator | Any | Any rotary evaporator can be used. | |
Freeze Dryer | Any | Any freeze dryer that can reach – 70°C can be used. | |
Centrifuge | Any | Any centrifuge that can apply 1000 x g can be used. | |
Magnetic stirrer | Any | Any magnetic stirrer that can turn spin bar to 1000 RPM can be used. | |
Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) | Brookhaven Instruments Corporation | NanoBrook Omni Zeta Potential Analyzer | DLS from any company can be used. |
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | Carl Zeiss Inc. | Any SEM can be used. | |
Dynamic Contact Angle (DCA) | Thermo Cahn Instruments | Any DCA can be used. |