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Developmental Biology
使用扩增显微镜物理放大 整个果蝇 胚胎以进行超分辨率成像
使用扩增显微镜物理放大 整个果蝇 胚胎以进行超分辨率成像
JoVE Journal
Developmental Biology
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JoVE Journal Developmental Biology
Using Expansion Microscopy to Physically Enlarge Whole-Mount Drosophila Embryos for Super-Resolution Imaging

使用扩增显微镜物理放大 整个果蝇 胚胎以进行超分辨率成像

Full Text
2,769 Views
09:11 min
April 28, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/64662-v

Samia Parveen1, Nicolas W. Jones1, Ian Millerschultz1, Adam C. Paré1

1Department of Biological Sciences,University of Arkansas

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This article presents a protocol for implementing expansion microscopy in early Drosophila embryos, enabling super-resolution imaging with a conventional laser-scanning confocal microscope. This technique allows researchers to bypass the diffraction limit of standard microscopy by expanding the sample itself.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Imaging Techniques

Background

  • Expansion microscopy enhances imaging resolution.
  • It is particularly useful for studying protein localization in embryos.
  • The protocol is designed for labs without access to super-resolution microscopes.
  • Common challenges include embryo loss during the procedure.

Purpose of Study

  • To provide a detailed protocol for expansion microscopy in Drosophila embryos.
  • To facilitate super-resolution imaging for researchers in developmental biology.
  • To improve understanding of protein localization and its effects on cell morphology.

Methods Used

  • Preparation of agar slabs for embryo adherence.
  • Use of Poly-L-Lysine for embryo fixation.
  • Gelation of PDMS for hydrogel formation.
  • Imaging with a laser scanning confocal microscope.

Main Results

  • Successful implementation of the expansion microscopy protocol.
  • High-resolution images of protein localization in embryos.
  • Demonstration of the technique's effectiveness in bypassing diffraction limits.
  • Identification of best practices to minimize embryo loss.

Conclusions

  • The protocol enables researchers to achieve super-resolution imaging without specialized equipment.
  • It is a valuable tool for studying complex subcellular structures in embryos.
  • Future applications may enhance our understanding of developmental processes.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is expansion microscopy?
Expansion microscopy is a technique that allows researchers to achieve super-resolution imaging by physically expanding the sample.
What organisms can this protocol be applied to?
This protocol is specifically designed for early Drosophila embryos.
What are the main challenges in this protocol?
The most common challenge is losing embryos during the procedure, which can be mitigated by proper adherence techniques.
How does this technique compare to traditional microscopy?
This technique allows for higher resolution imaging by overcoming the diffraction limit of conventional microscopes.
What is the role of Poly-L-Lysine in this protocol?
Poly-L-Lysine is used to adhere and fix embryos to the agar slabs for imaging.
How long does the gelation process take?
The gelation process typically takes between 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 37 degrees Celsius.

在这里,提出了在早期 果蝇 胚胎中实施扩展显微镜以实现使用常规激光扫描共聚焦显微镜实现超分辨率成像的方案。

该协议可以在大多数食管发育生物学实验室中实施,允许无法使用超分辨率显微镜的研究人员产生超分辨率图像。该技术的主要优点是,它允许研究人员通过扩展样品本身来绕过传统共聚焦显微镜的衍射极限,而无需超分辨率显微镜。该协议将有益于那些研究蛋白质定位如何影响完整胚胎中的细胞形态或功能的人,特别是当这些蛋白质被组织成复杂的亚细胞结构或网络时。

人们遇到的最常见的问题是在整个协议中丢失胚胎。建议涂上多层聚-L-赖氨酸以牢固地粘附胚胎。胚胎后,取一个6厘米长的塑料培养皿底座,一半装满3%琼脂。

用剃须刀片或手术刀在琼脂中划出一个 5 x 3 厘米的矩形。使用小实验室刮刀取出琼脂板。然后将培养皿的底部倒置,将其放在工作台上,并将琼脂板放在倒置的培养皿上。

从培养皿上取下盖子并确保其干燥。戴上手套,在盖子内侧贴上一块双面胶带。将装有包被和固定胚胎的小瓶从振荡器中取出,并将它们垂直放置在工作台上。

让有机相和水相分离。正确固定的胚胎应保留在其界面上。使用巴斯德移液器和P200移液器完全去除底部水相。

使用装有乳胶灯泡的玻璃巴斯德移液器将固定的胚胎分多个小批量转移到琼脂板上,这样它们就不会粘附在移液器内部。一旦胚胎在琼脂板上,使用P200移液器去除胚胎附近任何剩余的庚烷。现在,将双面胶带盖从两厘米的高度放到琼脂板上,以将胚胎粘附在胶带上。

轻轻地从琼脂板上取下盖子,将其倒置在工作台上,并加入足够的PBS Tween以覆盖盖子中的胚胎。要收集所需的胚胎,请使用100倍放大倍率和间接照明的立体解剖显微镜。用细玻璃针刺破胚胎前端或后端附近的卵黄膜,使其放气并释放压力。

使用细镊子或金属探针轻轻地将胚胎从孔中推出,卵黄膜仍粘附在双面胶带上。将不需要的胚胎留在胶带上。定期使用玻璃巴斯德移液管收集任何漂浮的脱膜化胚胎,并将它们移动到1.5毫升微量离心管中。

在50毫升锥形管中制备PDMS溶液,并通过在第二个50毫升锥形管中加入适量的水来创建平衡管。将PDMS溶液在15摄氏度下以500G离心3分钟。然后将其倒入10厘米的培养皿中,深度为1毫米。

让PDMS溶液在55摄氏度下凝固过夜。PDMS板固化后,使用手术刀在略小于22 x 22毫米盖玻片的方形区域上划痕。在每个正方形内,划出并移除一个八毫米宽的正方形孔。

将每个方形PDMS充分转移到22 x 22毫米的盖玻片上并牢固地粘附。为了将胚胎粘附在盖玻片上,施用足够的0.1%聚-L-赖氨酸以覆盖每个孔内的盖玻片表面,并将它们置于55摄氏度的培养箱中干燥。短暂冲洗胚胎和 PBS 以去除吐温洗涤剂。

然后将10个以上的胚胎移植到每个涂有聚-L-赖氨酸的孔中。让胚胎沉降到孔底。使用巴斯德移液管从粘附的胚胎中去除多余的液体,并立即进行下一步。

当胚胎位于单体溶液中时,准备凝胶溶液以覆盖PDMS孔。从粉末中新鲜稀释催化氧化剂。将 3, 920 微升单体溶液与 60 微升 10% TEMED 和 20 微升 1% TEMPO 混合。

将凝胶溶液以 125 微升等分试样分装到多个 PCR 管中。使用真空或移液器从PDMS孔中取出单体溶液,同时注意不要破坏胚胎。将5微升APS加入到其中一个含有凝胶溶液的PCR管中以引发聚合。

快速将聚合凝胶溶液分布在三个孔中。重复此操作,直到覆盖所有孔和胚胎。让样品在 37 摄氏度下凝胶 1.5 至 2.5 小时。

较厚的水凝胶需要更长的时间才能完成聚合和固化。经常搅拌水凝胶以监测聚合。一旦凝固,水凝胶就不会摆动。

凝胶化后,在不干扰水凝胶的情况下从盖玻片上剥离PDMS孔。将水凝胶单独转移到六孔板的孔中。在消化过程中,水凝胶可能会略微膨胀。

用消化缓冲液完全覆盖凝胶。30 毫升消化缓冲液足以将它们覆盖在六孔板中,并在 37 摄氏度下孵育一小时。消化后,将水凝胶移入6厘米的培养皿中,并用去离子水填充以使其膨胀。

此时,水凝胶可能会从盖玻片上分离,并在线性尺寸上膨胀四倍。使用巴斯德移液管,尽可能多地从培养皿中去除多余的水,以尽量减少处理时凝胶的移动。将胚在底面上的膨胀凝胶操纵到大盖玻片上进行成像。

用凝胶将每个盖玻片安装在倒置激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的物镜上。定位正确分期和定向的试样后,切换到高倍率油浸或水浸物镜,以高分辨率成像。在10倍物镜下沿头尾轴线测量胚胎长度表明,未扩增的胚胎跨越了大约一半的视野,而扩增的胚胎跨越了大约两个完整的视野。

未扩增的对照胚胎的平均头尾长度为398.8微米。对于实验一、二和实验三,平均胚胎长度分别为4.0倍、4.7倍和4.9倍。在对照样品中,上颌节段的细胞平均宽度为4.76微米。

在扩增的样品中,上颌节的细胞平均宽度为19.10微米,代表了4.0倍的扩张。肌动球蛋白细胞骨架在未扩增的对照组与扩增的胚胎中成像,经历收敛延伸。它们表现为相邻细胞相遇的一条线。

相比之下,在扩展的第七阶段胚胎中,可以在细胞连接处观察到肌球蛋白二的平行线,代表相邻细胞中的皮质蛋白库。在未扩增的六期胚胎中,用链霉亲和素标记的线粒体表现为异质性细胞质浑浊,没有任何明确的亚细胞细节。然而,在扩增的胚胎中,许多点状物在细胞质内是可分解的,可能代表线粒体的碎片化或线粒体网络的一部分。

尝试此程序时要记住的一件重要事情是保护胚胎在二抗孵育后免受过度光照。

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