The concept of flux describes how much of something goes through a given area. More formally, it is the dot product of a vector field within an area.…

Consider the electric field of an oppositely charged, parallel-plate system and an imaginary box between those plates. Let the bottom face of the box…

If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at…

Gauss's law helps determine electric fields even though the law is not directly about electric fields but electric flux. In situations with…

A charge distribution has spherical symmetry if the density of charge depends only on the distance from a point in space and not on the direction. In…

A charge distribution has cylindrical symmetry if the charge density depends only upon the distance from the axis of the cylinder and does not vary…

A planar symmetry of charge density is obtained when charges are uniformly spread over a large flat surface. In planar symmetry, all points in a…

When a conductor is placed in an external electric field, the free charges in the conductor redistribute and very quickly reach electrostatic…

An interesting property of a conductor in static equilibrium is that extra charges on the conductor end up on its outer surface, regardless of where…

Consider a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium. The net electric field inside a conductor vanishes, and extra charges on the conductor reside on…

Gauss's law states that the electric flux through any closed surface equals the net charge enclosed within the surface. This law is beneficial…

Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find…

The divergence of a vector is a measure of how much the vector spreads out (diverges) from a point. For example, an electric field vector diverges…

A neuron will fire an action potential when its membrane potential exceeds a certain threshold. In typical activity of the brain, this occurs as a…

Stretchable electronics are identified as a key technology for electronic applications in the next generation. One of the challenges in fabrication…

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are potentially the most efficient and cost-effective solution to utilization of a wide variety of fuels beyond…

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded…