हम उच्च तापमान intermetallic व्यापारियों की कश्मीर संश्लेषण प्रस्तुत<sub> 4</sub> जीई<sub9></sub> Ethylenediamine में उनके विघटन जीई फार्म<sub9></sub<sup> 4 -</sup> Deltahedral Zintl आयनों, और alkynes साथ समूहों की प्रतिक्रिया organo Zintl आयनों के रूप में. बाद electrospray समाधान में मास स्पेक्ट्रोमेट्री और ठोस राज्य में एकल क्रिस्टल एक्स – रे विवर्तन द्वारा विशेषता है.
Although the first studies of Zintl ions date between the late 1890’s and early 1930’s they were not structurally characterized until many years later.1,2 Their redox chemistry is even younger, just about ten years old, but despite this short history these deltahedral clusters ions E9n- (E = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb; n = 2, 3, 4) have already shown interesting and diverse reactivity and have been at the forefront of rapidly developing and exciting new chemistry.3-6 Notable milestones are the oxidative coupling of Ge94- clusters to oligomers and infinite chains,7-19 their metallation,14-16,20-25 capping by transition-metal organometallic fragments,26-34 insertion of a transition-metal atom at the center of the cluster which is sometimes combined with capping and oligomerization,35-47 addition of main-group organometallic fragments as exo-bonded substituents,48-50 and functionalization with various organic residues by reactions with organic halides and alkynes.51-58
This latter development of attaching organic fragments directly to the clusters has opened up a new field, namely organo-Zintl chemistry, that is potentially fertile for further synthetic explorations, and it is the step-by-step procedure for the synthesis of germanium-divinyl clusters described herein. The initial steps outline the synthesis of an intermetallic precursor of K4Ge9 from which the Ge94- clusters are extracted later in solution. This involves fused-silica glass blowing, arc-welding of niobium containers, and handling of highly air-sensitive materials in a glove box. The air-sensitive K4Ge9 is then dissolved in ethylenediamine in the box and then alkenylated by a reaction with Me3SiC≡CSiMe3. The reaction is followed by electrospray mass spectrometry while the resulting solution is used for obtaining single crystals containing the functionalized clusters [H2C=CH-Ge9-CH=CH2]2-. For this purpose the solution is centrifuged, filtered, and carefully layered with a toluene solution of 18-crown-6. Left undisturbed for a few days, the so-layered solutions produced orange crystalline blocks of [K(18-crown-6)]2[Ge9(HCCH2)2]•en which were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
The process highlights standard reaction techniques, work-up, and analysis towards functionalized deltahedral Zintl clusters. It is hoped that it will help towards further development and understanding of these compounds in the community at large.
यह आंशिक रूप से ऑक्सीकरण नायब ट्यूब को अच्छी तरह से साफ महत्वपूर्ण है. हालांकि, अगर ट्यूब भी लंबे समय नायब सफाई समाधान में छोड़ दिया जाता है, यह गंभीर रूप से ट्यूब की मोटाई के साथ समझौता होगा. इस प्रकार, 10 – …
The authors have nothing to disclose.
लेखकों के लिए लगातार वित्तीय सहायता (चे 0,742,365) के लिए और Bruker अपैक्स द्वितीय (चे 0,443,233) diffractometer और Bruker Microtof द्वितीय मास स्पेक्ट्रोमीटर (चे 0,741,793) की खरीद के लिए राष्ट्रीय विज्ञान फाउंडेशन को धन्यवाद देना चाहूंगा. लेखकों को भी CEST सुविधा Micromass जन Quattro नियंत्रण रेखा स्पेक्ट्रोमीटर के अपने प्रयोग के लिए धन्यवाद देना चाहूंगा.
Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments |
D8-Xray diffractometer | Bruker | Bruker APEX II | |
Electrospray mass spectrometer | Bruker | Microtof-II | |
Electrospray mass spectrometer | Micromass | Quattro-LC | triple -quadropole |
Drybox | Innovative Technology | S-1-M-DL | IT-Sys1 model |
Inert Gas/Vacuum Shielded Arc Welding Arrangement |
LDS Vacuum Products | Special Order | |
Arc Welder Power Source | Miller | Maxstar-91 | |
Welding Rubber Gloves | The Home Depot | KH643 | |
Electric Engraver | Burgess Products | 74 | Vibro-Graver |
Circular Glass Saw | Pistorius Machine Co. Inc | GC-12-B | |
Tube Furnace | Lindberg/Blue M | TF55035 | Minimite Laboratory Tube Furnace, Moldatherm (1100 °C) |
Glass Drying Oven | Fisher Scientific | 13-247-650G | |
High Vacuum Hg Schlenk-Line | Special Order | Univ Of Notre Dame | Alternative: Edwards E050/60; VWR International; Cat. No. EVB302-07-110 |
Large Torch | Victor | JT100C | Welding torch, tip: Victor 5-W-J |
Small Torch | Veriflo Co. | 3A | Blow-pipe |
Tesla Coil | VWR International | KT691550-0000 | Leak detector |
Stirrer/Hot -Plate | VWR International | 12620-970 | VWR HOT PLATE STR DY-DUAL120V |
Balance | Denver Instrument Co. | 100A | XE Series |
Centrifuge | LW Scientific | E8C-08AV-1501 | Variable speed |
Graphite Reamer, (flaring) | ABR Imagery, Inc. | 850-523 B01 | Open holes in Glass Blowing and flaring edges |
Striker | Fisher Scientific | 12-007 | |
Vise-Grips | The Home Depot | 0902L3SM | |
Pipe-Cutter | The Home Depot | 32820 | |
Cutting Pliers | The Home Depot | 437 | |
Plastic Beaker | VWR International | 13890-046 | |
Measuring Cylinder | VWR International | 65000-006 | Careful, HF etches glass (if using a glass one) |
Large Plastic Bottle | VWR International | 16128-542 | |
13 x 100 Test-Tubes | VWR International | 47729-572 | CULTURE TUBE 13X100 CS1000 |
Laboratory (Rubber) Stoppers | Sigma Chemical Co. | Z164437-100EA | Size 00 |
Test-Tube Rack | VWR International | 60196-702 | 10-13 mm tube OD |
Stir-Bars | StirBars.com/Big Science Inc. | SBM-0803-MIC | PTFE 8×3 mm Micro |
Glass Pipettes | VWR International | 14673-043 | VWR PIPET PASTEUR 9IN CS1000 |
Rubber Bulbs | VWR International | 56311-062 | Latex, thin walled |
Glass Wool | Unifrax I LLC | 6048 | Fiberfrax Bulk Fiber Insulation, Ceramic fiber |
Glass Slides | VWR International | 16004-422 | 75x25x1mm, Microscope Slides |
Paratone-N oil | Hampton Research | Parabar 10312 | Known as: Paratone-N, Paratone-8277, Infineum V8512 |
High Vacuum Silicone Grease | VWR International | 59344-055 | Dow Corning |
Liquid Nitrogen | Univ. of Notre Dame | ||
Argon Gas Cylinder | Praxair Distribution Inc. | TARGHP | |
Nitrogen Gas Cylinder | Praxair Distribution Inc. | QNITPP | |
Oxygen Gas Cylinder | Praxair Distribution Inc. | OT | 337 cf CYL |
Hydrogen Gas Cylinder | Praxair Distribution Inc. | HK | 195 cf CYL |
Propane Gas Cylinder/source | Univ. of Notre Dame | UND | |
Quartz tubing, Lg | Quartz Scientific Inc. | 100020B | 20 mm id x 22mm od x 48″ clear fused quart tubing |
Quartz tubing, Md | Quartz Scientific Inc. | 100007B | Clear Fused Quartz Tubing,7mm id x 9mm od x 48″ |
Round Bottom Quartz Joint | Quartz Scientific Inc. | 6160189B | Ball joint |
Quartz Safety Glasses | Wale Apparatus | 11-1127 | waleapparatus.com |
Pyrex Safety Glasses | Wale Apparatus | 11-2125-B3 | For clear and color borosilicate glass |
Blow Hose Kit | Glass House | BH020 | glasshousesupply.com |
Niobium Tubes | Shaanxi Tony Metals Co., Ltd | Niobium Tube, 50 ft | Seamless Niobium Tube Outside diameter: 0.375 (±0.005) inches. Wall thickness: 0.02(±0.003) Inches Niobium should be annealed. |
PEEK Starter Kit for Mass Spect | Waters | PSL613321 | PEEK (PolyEtherEtherKetone) tubing, nuts, ferrule, fits |
Mass Spect Needle Set | VWR International | 60373-992 | Hamilton Manufacturer (81165) |
H2SO4 | VWR International | BDH3072-2.5LG | ACS Grade |
HNO3 | VWR International | BDH3046-2.5LPC | ACS Grade |
HF | VWR International | BDH3040-500MLP | ACS Grade |
Distilled Water | Univ. of Notre Dame | UND | |
Acetone | VWR International | BDH1101-4LP | |
Ethylenediamine | VWR International | AAA12132-0F | 99% 2.5 L |
Toluene | VWR International | 200004-418 | 99.8 %, anhydrous |
Mercury | Strem Chemicals, Inc. | 93-8046 | |
Potassium (K) metal | Strem Chemicals, Inc. | 19-1989 | Sealed in glass ampoule under Ar |
Germanium (Ge) powder | VWR International | AA10190-18 | GERM PWR -100 MESH 99.999% 50G |
Bistrimetylsilylacetylene, (Me3SiC≡CCSiMe3) |
Fischer Scientific | AC182010100 | |
18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,16-Hexaoxacyclooctadecane) |
VWR International | 200001-954 | 99%, 25 gm |
2,2,2-crypt (4,7,13,16,21,24-Hexaoxa-1,10 diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane) |
Sigma Aldrich | 291110-1G | 98% |