मूत्र पथ की जांच के आधार Confocal लेजर Endomicroscopy: तकनीक
Summary
जांच के आधार confocal लेजर endomicroscopy मूत्राशयदर्शन के दौरान मानव मूत्र पथ के वास्तविक समय माइक्रोस्कोपी सक्षम बनाता है, गतिशील, सेलुलर संकल्प के साथ मूत्राशय कैंसर जैसे रोग राज्यों के intravital इमेजिंग प्रदान. Endomicroscopy मानक सफेद प्रकाश एंडोस्कोपी के निदान सटीकता बढ़ाने और intraoperative छवि मार्गदर्शन प्रदान करने के लिए शल्य लकीर में सुधार हो सकता है.
Abstract
Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging optical imaging technology that enables real-time in vivo microscopy of mucosal surfaces during standard endoscopy. With applications currently in the respiratory1 and gastrointestinal tracts,2-6 CLE has also been explored in the urinary tract for bladder cancer diagnosis.7-10 Cellular morphology and tissue microarchitecture can be resolved with micron scale resolution in real time, in addition to dynamic imaging of the normal and pathological vasculature.7
The probe-based CLE system (Cellvizio, Mauna Kea Technologies, France) consists of a reusable fiberoptic imaging probe coupled to a 488 nm laser scanning unit. The imaging probe is inserted in the working channels of standard flexible and rigid endoscopes. An endoscope-based CLE system (Optiscan, Australia), in which the confocal endomicroscopy functionality is integrated onto the endoscope, is also used in the gastrointestinal tract. Given the larger scope diameter, however, application in the urinary tract is currently limited to ex vivo use.11 Confocal image acquisition is done through direct contact of the imaging probe with the target tissue and recorded as video sequences. As in the gastrointestinal tract, endomicroscopy of the urinary tract requires an exogenenous contrast agent—most commonly fluorescein, which can be administered intravenously or intravesically. Intravesical administration is a well-established method to introduce pharmacological agents locally with minimal systemic toxicity that is unique to the urinary tract. Fluorescein rapidly stains the extracellular matrix and has an established safety profile.12 Imaging probes of various diameters enable compatibility with different caliber endoscopes. To date, 1.4 and 2.6 mm probes have been evaluated with flexible and rigid cystoscopy.10 Recent availability of a < 1 mm imaging probe13 opens up the possibility of CLE in the upper urinary tract during ureteroscopy. Fluorescence cystoscopy (i.e. photodynamic diagnosis) and narrow band imaging are additional endoscope-based optical imaging modalities14 that can be combined with CLE to achieve multimodal imaging of the urinary tract. In the future, CLE may be coupled with molecular contrast agents such as fluorescently labeled peptides15 and antibodies for endoscopic imaging of disease processes with molecular specificity.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
बनना और इमेजिंग जांच और मूत्राशय mucosa के बीच ठोस एन चेहरा संपर्क बनाए रखने के इष्टतम छवि गुणवत्ता प्राप्त करने में सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कदम है. वहाँ लगभग एक 3-5 रोगी सीखने के लिए निपुणता विकसित करने के लिए ज?…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
लेखकों के लिए तकनीकी सहायता के लिए Mauna Kea टेक्नोलॉजीज का शुक्रिया अदा करना चाहते हैं. लेखकों को भी तकनीकी सहायता और कैथलीन ई. मच के लिए महत्वपूर्ण समीक्षा के लिए शैली Hsiao धन्यवाद. NIH द्वारा R01CA160986 भाग में यह काम JCL समर्थित किया गया
Materials
| Name of the reagent | Company | Catalogue number | Comments (optional) |
| Cellvizio 100 Series | Mauna Kea Technologies | 100 Series | Includes confocal processor and LSU: F400-v2 at 488 nm |
| Cellvizio Confocal Miniprobe | Mauna Kea Technologies | Gastroflex UHD | |
| AK-FLUOR 10% | Akorn, Inc. | NDC 17478-253-10 |
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