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通过裂根暴露技术 研究 全氟烷基酸在小麦中的长距离运输
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Summary September 28th, 2022
Please note that all translations are automatically generated.
Click here for the English version.
本协议描述了一种在小麦中长距离运输全氟烷基酸的简单有效的方法。
Transcript
韧皮部直接从植物中收集,以观察有机化合物的远距离易位,而很难从植物幼苗中获取韧皮部。引入了一种简单有效的方法,即分根技术,以研究植物中PFAAs在相对短期暴露期间的易位。该方法还可以揭示不同化合物在植物中的长距离传输。
给定的目标PFAAs浓度必须相对高于其在实际环境中的浓度,以确保在未加标溶液中监测小麦中的目标PFAA。首先选择类似大小的小麦或小麦种子,并用8%过氧化氢溶液消毒15分钟。用去离子水彻底冲洗消毒的种子。
将种子放在室温下在黑暗中潮湿的滤纸上发芽5天。选择大约 9 个大小均匀的发芽幼苗,并将它们转移到装有 250 毫升 1/4 强度的 Hoagland 溶液的塑料烧杯中。在处理之前,在生长室中培养幼苗7天,在22摄氏度下循环14小时,在27摄氏度下循环10小时。
对于幼苗栽培,准备 2 个离心管 A 和 B,每个离心管含有 50 毫升 1/4 强度的 Hoagland 溶液。将市售全氟辛烷酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)溶解在甲醇中,并用无菌营养液作为储备溶液稀释,然后将储备溶液以每升100微克的PFOA和PFOS加入试管B中。接下来,使用镊子将小麦幼苗的整个根分成 2 等份,根连接到同一根芽,然后分别将它们插入管 A 和 B 中。
用铝箔密封 2 个管,然后在培养箱中培养 7 天,在 22 摄氏度下循环 14 小时,在 27 摄氏度下循环 10 小时。7天后,收集小麦幼苗并用剪刀将它们分成3部分,例如在未加标溶液中的全氟烷基酸或PFAAs加标溶液中培养的芽和根。将植物样品在零下55摄氏度的冻干机中冷冻干燥48小时。
2天后,均质化。称量根部并拍摄样品。收集加标和未加标的溶液样品。
在15毫升聚丙烯管中,加入2毫升碳酸钠缓冲液,1毫升四丁基硫酸氢铵,5毫升甲基叔丁基醚,以及均质化的根或芽。完成后,以250RPM摇动管20分钟,然后在室温下以2000g离心10分钟,以获得上清液有机相。第二次提取后,将类似的处理提取物合并并在温和的氮气流中蒸发至干,然后用5毫升甲醇复溶并涡旋它们,保持相同的速度约30秒。
用 5 毫升 0.1% 氢氧化铵甲醇溶液、5 毫升水和 5 毫升甲醇调节 PestiCarb 墨盒。通过PestiCarb滤芯加入5毫升提取甲醇溶液以去除色素。用5毫升甲醇洗脱小柱并收集在样品管中。
将收集的10毫升甲醇溶液蒸发至干,并在涡旋前用200微升甲醇复溶,然后将样品在室温下以10, 000g离心20分钟。用 5 毫升甲醇和 5 毫升水调节极性增强聚合物提取滤芯以活化。通过小柱加入 1 毫升加标溶液或 50 毫升未加标溶液样品。
用10毫升甲醇躲避目标PFAA。用温和的氮气流蒸发提取物,然后用200微升甲醇重新配制蒸发的提取物进行分析。分根实验研究了PFAAs在小麦中的长距离运输。
结果表明,加标溶液中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸分别被浓度为11.94纳克/克和30.67纳克/克干重的小麦根吸收,并以5.01纳克/克和4.17纳克干重的浓度转移到枝条上。结果发现,在未加标溶液中培养的小麦根系中检测到PFOA和PFOS,浓度分别为0.26纳克/克和0.64纳克/克干重。它表明PFOA和PFOS可以通过韧皮部从芽到根部进行长距离迁移。
据指出,在未加标的营养液中也发现了全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸,浓度分别为每升17.8毫微克和每升28.5毫微克,这表明全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸可以通过卡斯帕里亚根带。必须采取预防措施,以确保试管B中的加标溶液不会污染试管A中的未加标溶液.该方法的视觉演示可以提供一个简单的操作来揭示PFAAs在小麦中的远距离运输。
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