JoVE Journal > Neuroscience
Summary
Abstract
Protocol
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
Automatic Translation
Neuroscience

Analyse af Neural Crest migrering og differentiering af Cross-arter Transplantation

Published: February 07, 2012
doi:
10.3791/3622
,
1Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Rice University

Summary

En metode til analyse af indvandring og eventuel skæbne aviære neurale crest celler i vagtel-chick kimære embryoner er beskrevet. Denne fremgangsmåde er en enkel og ligetil teknik til sporing crista neuralis-celler under migrering og differentiering, som ellers er vanskelige at skelne i en manipuleret chick embryo.

Abstract

Avian embryoner skabe en unik platform for at studere mange hvirveldyr udviklingsprocesser, som følge af den nemme adgang af embryonerne i ægget. Kimæriske fugle embryoner, som vagtler donorvæv er transplanteret ind i en kyllingeembryo i ovo og kombinerer kraften i uudsletteligt genetisk mærkning af cellepopulationer med lethed af manipulation forelagt af aviær embryo.

Quail-chick kimærer er en klassisk redskab til at spore migrerende neurale kamceller (NCCer) 1-3. NCC'erne er en forbigående vandrende population af celler i embryonet, som har oprindelse i det dorsale område af udviklingen neuralrøret 4. De gennemgår en epitelial til mesenkymale overgang og derefter migrere til andre områder af embryo, hvor de differentierer til forskellige celletyper, herunder brusk 5-13, melanocytter 11,14-20, neuroner og glia 21-32. NCC'erne er multipotente, og deres endelige skæbne er indflydelseket ved 1) den region af neuralrøret, som de stammer langs Rostro-caudale akse af embryonet 11,33-37, 2) signaler fra naboceller, når de trækker 38-44, og 3) mikromiljø deres endelige destination inden for fosteret 45,46. Sporing af disse celler fra deres udgangspunkt i neuralrøret, at deres endelige position og skæbne i embryo, giver et vigtigt indblik i de udviklingsmæssige processer, der regulerer mønster og organogenesen.

Transplantation af komplementære områder af donor neuralrøret (homotopic podning) eller forskellige regioner i donor neuralrøret (heterotop podning) kan afsløre forskelle i præ-specifikation af NCCer langs Rostro-caudale akse 2,47. Denne teknik kan tilpasses yderligere til at transplantere en ensidig rum i neuralrøret, således at den ene side stammer fra donorvæv og den kontralaterale side forbliver uforstyrrede i værten embryo, yiElding en intern kontrol inden for den samme prøve 2,47. Det kan også være indrettet til transplantation af hjernen segmenter i senere embryoner efter HH10, når den forreste neuralrøret er lukket 47.

Her rapporterer vi teknikker til generering vagtel-chick kimærer via neuralrøret transplantation, som tillader sporing af vandrende NCC'erne afledt af en diskret del af neuralrøret. Species-specifik mærkning af de donor-afledte celler med vagtel-specifikke QCPN antistof 48-56 tillader forskeren at skelne donor og værtsceller på det eksperimentelle slutpunktet. Denne teknik er enkel, billig, og har mange applikationer, herunder skæbne-mapping, celleafstamning sporing og identifikation af præ-mønster begivenheder langs Rostro-caudale akse 45. På grund af den lette adgang til aviær embryo, kan vagtel-chick transplantat teknik kombineres med andre manipulationer, herunder men ikke begrænset til linsen ablation 40, injektion af inhibitoriske molekyler 57,58 eller genetisk manipulation via elektroporering af ekspressionsplasmider 59-61, til at identificere respons bestemt migrerende strømme af NCC'erne til perturbationer i fosterets udviklingsmæssige program. Endvidere kan denne podning teknik også anvendes til at generere andre interspecifikke kimære embryoer, såsom vagtel-Ande-kimærer til at studere NCC bidrag til kraniofaciale morfogenese eller muse-chick kimærer til at kombinere kraften af ​​muse genetik med lette manipulation af aviært embryon . 62

Protocol

1. Inkuber kylling og vagtelæg til den ønskede scene For HH9 embryoner variere typiske inkubationstider fra 29-33 timer ved 38 ° C. 63 Vask eventuelle rester fra æggene med lunkent vand. Arranger kylling æg på bakken vandret. Markerer opad med blyant, hvilket vil svare til den region, hvor embryoet vil blive lokaliseret. Inkuber vagtelæg stumpe ender. Sted i 38 ° C befugtet inkubator. Tænd rokkende funktion. …

Discussion

Den podning af vagtler neuralrøret i host kyllingeembryoer beskrevet her er en enkel og billig teknik til at spore specifikke subpopulationer af trækkende NCCer stammer fra forskellige regioner langs Rostro-caudale akse 21,67-69. Denne teknik udnytter den lette adgang til aviære embryoner (sammenlignet med pattedyr embryoner) og kan kombineres med andre teknikker, såsom vævsablation, injektion af inhibitoriske molekyler, eller genetisk manipulation via elektroporation af ekspressionsplasmider til eksperi…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Forfatterne takker medlemmer Lwigale laboratorium for kritik af manuskriptet. SLG understøttes af en Ruth L. Kirschstein NRSA Fellowship fra National Eye Institute (F32 EY02167301). Pyl er støttet af National Eye Institute (EY018050).

Materials

Reagent Company Catalog number
Chick eggs Various – we use Texas A&M University’s Poultry Science Department, TX.  
Quail eggs Various – we use Ozarks Egg Company, MO.  
Egg incubator (Digital Readout 1502 Sportsman Incubator w/Humidity 110-120 Volt AC) www.poultrysupply.com 1502
Dumont AA forceps, Inox Epoxy-coated Fine Science Tools 11210-10
Scotch tape Any office supply store  
Curved Iris forceps Fine Science Tools 11065-07
India ink Any art supply store  
Pen/Strep (Penicillin, Streptomycin) Solution VWR International 101447-068
Clear Packing tape Any office supply store  
Needle pulling apparatus Narashige, Japan PE-21
Pulled glass needle, made from 1.5-1.8 x 100mm borosilicate glass capillary tube Kimble chase 34500 99
Pulled glass pipette, made from 5¾” Pasteur pipette Fisher Scientific 13-678-6A
Mouth pipette apparatus (aspirator tube assembly for calibrated microcapillary pipette) Sigma-Aldrich A5177-52A
Dumont #5 forceps Fine Science Tools 11251-30
Tungsten wire, 0.1mm diameter VWR International AA10404-H2
Needle holders (Nickel-plated pin holder) Fine Science Tools 26018-17
QCPN antiserum Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa QCPN
Alexa Fluor secondary antibody (e.g., Alexa Fluor 594 goat anti-mouse IgG1) Invitrogen A21125
Ringer’s Solution (2L):
  • 14.4g NaCl
  • 0.34g CaCl2
  • 0.74g KCl
  • 0.230g Na2HPO4
  • 0.04g KH2PO4
  • ddH2O to 2L
  • Filter and autoclave
 All reagents from Fisher Scientific
  • 7647-14-5
  • 10043-52-4
  • 7447-40-7
  • 7558-79-4
  • 7778-77-0
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST

References

  1. Le Douarin, G., Renaud, D. Morphologic and physiologic study of the differentiation in vitro of quail embryo precardial mesoderm. Bull. Biol. Fr. Belg. 103 (3), 453-468 (1969).
  2. Teillet, M. A., Ziller, C., Le Douarin, N. M. Quail-chick chimeras. Methods. Mol. Biol. 461, 337-350 (2008).
  3. Le Douarin, N. A biological cell labeling technique and its use in expermental embryology. Dev. Biol. 30 (1), 217-222 (1973).
  4. Noden, D. M. An analysis of migratory behavior of avian cephalic neural crest cells. Dev. Biol. 42 (1), 106-130 (1975).
  5. Johnston, M. C. A radioautographic study of the migration and fate of cranial neural crest cells in the chick embryo. Anat. Rec. 156 (2), 143-155 (1966).
  6. Noden, D. M. The control of avian cephalic neural crest cytodifferentiation. I. Skeletal and connective tissues. Dev. Biol. 67 (2), 296-312 (1978).
  7. Oka, K. The role of TGF-beta signaling in regulating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development. Dev. Biol. 303 (1), 391-404 (2007).
  8. Chai, Y. Fate of the mammalian cranial neural crest during tooth and mandibular morphogenesis. Development. 127 (8), 1671-1679 (2000).
  9. Lengele, B., Schowing, J., Dhem, A. Embryonic origin and fate of chondroid tissue and secondary cartilages in the avian skull. Anat. Rec. 246 (3), 377-393 (1996).
  10. Le Douarin, N. M., Ziller, C., Couly, G. F. Patterning of neural crest derivatives in the avian embryo: in vivo and in vitro studies. Dev. Biol. 159 (1), 24-49 (1993).
  11. Lallier, T. E. Cell lineage and cell migration in the neural crest. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 615, 158-171 (1991).
  12. Nakamura, H. Mesenchymal derivatives from the neural crest. Arch. Histol. Jpn. 45 (2), 127-138 (1982).
  13. Le Lievre, C. S., Le Douarin, N. M. Mesenchymal derivatives of the neural crest: analysis of chimaeric quail and chick embryos. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 34 (1), 125-154 (1975).
  14. Rawles, M. E. The Development of Melanophores from Embryonic Mouse Tissues Grown in the Coelom of Chick Embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 26 (12), 673-680 (1940).
  15. Rawles, M. E. The Pigment-Forming Potency of Early Chick Blastoderms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 26 (1), 86-94 (1940).
  16. Mosher, J. T. Intrinsic differences among spatially distinct neural crest stem cells in terms of migratory properties, fate determination, and ability to colonize the enteric nervous system. Dev. Biol. 303 (1), 1-15 (2007).
  17. Dupin, E., Le Douarin, N. M. Development of melanocyte precursors from the vertebrate neural crest. Oncogene. 22 (20), 3016-3023 (2003).
  18. Faraco, C. D., Vaz, S. A., Pastor, M. V., Erickson, C. A. Hyperpigmentation in the Silkie fowl correlates with abnormal migration of fate-restricted melanoblasts and loss of environmental barrier molecules. Dev. Dyn. 220 (3), 212-225 (2001).
  19. Selleck, M. A., Bronner-Fraser, M. Avian neural crest cell fate decisions: a diffusible signal mediates induction of neural crest by the ectoderm. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 18 (7), 621-627 (2000).
  20. Stocker, K. M., Sherman, L., Rees, S., Ciment, G. Basic FGF and TGF-beta 1 influence commitment to melanogenesis in neural crest-derived cells of avian embryos. Development. 111 (2), 635-645 (1991).
  21. Le Douarin, N. M., Teillet, M. A. Experimental analysis of the migration and differentiation of neuroblasts of the autonomic nervous system and of neurectodermal mesenchymal derivatives, using a biological cell marking technique. Dev. Biol. 41 (1), 162-184 (1974).
  22. Noden, D. M. The control of avian cephalic neural crest cytodifferentiation. II. Neural tissues. Dev. Biol. 67 (2), 313-329 (1978).
  23. Barraud, P. Neural crest origin of olfactory ensheathing glia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (49), 21040-21045 (2010).
  24. Li, H. Y., Say, E. H., Zhou, X. F. Isolation and characterization of neural crest progenitors from adult dorsal root ganglia. Stem Cells. 25 (8), 2053-2065 (2007).
  25. Carney, T. J. A direct role for Sox10 in specification of neural crest-derived sensory neurons. Development. 133 (23), 4619-4630 (2006).
  26. Maro, G. S. Neural crest boundary cap cells constitute a source of neuronal and glial cells of the PNS. Nat. Neurosci. 7 (9), 930-938 (2004).
  27. Bronner-Fraser, M. Molecular analysis of neural crest formation. J. Physiol. Paris. 96 (1-2), 3-8 (2002).
  28. Paratore, C., Goerich, D. E., Suter, U., Wegner, M., Sommer, L. Survival and glial fate acquisition of neural crest cells are regulated by an interplay between the transcription factor Sox10 and extrinsic combinatorial signaling. Development. 128 (20), 3949-3961 (2001).
  29. Britsch, S. The transcription factor Sox10 is a key regulator of peripheral glial development. Genes Dev. 15 (1), 66-78 (2001).
  30. Bronner-Fraser, M. Origin of the avian neural crest. Stem Cells. 13 (6), 640-646 (1995).
  31. Jessen, K. R., Mirsky, R. Neural development. Fate diverted. Curr. Biol. 4 (9), 824-827 (1994).
  32. Le Douarin, N., Dulac, C., Dupin, E., Cameron-Curry, P. Glial cell lineages in the neural crest. Glia. 4 (2), 175-184 (1991).
  33. Chan, W. Y., Cheung, C. S., Yung, K. M., Copp, A. J. Cardiac neural crest of the mouse embryo: axial level of origin, migratory pathway and cell autonomy of the splotch (Sp2H) mutant effect. Development. 131 (14), 3367-3379 (2004).
  34. Bronner-Fraser, M. Segregation of cell lineage in the neural crest. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 3 (4), 641-647 (1993).
  35. Peters-vander Sanden, M. J., Luider, T. M., vander Kamp, A. W., Tibboel, D., Meijers, C. Regional differences between various axial segments of the avian neural crest regarding the formation of enteric ganglia. Differentiation. 53 (1), 17-24 (1993).
  36. Kuratani, S., Bockman, D. E. Capacity of neural crest cells from various axial levels to participate in thymic development. Cell Tissue Res. 263 (1), 99-105 (1991).
  37. Leblanc, G. G., Epstein, M. L., Bronner-Fraser, M. E. Differential development of cholinergic neurons from cranial and trunk neural crest cells in vitro. 137 (2), 318-330 (1990).
  38. Golding, J. P., Trainor, P., Krumlauf, R., Gassmann, M. Defects in pathfinding by cranial neural crest cells in mice lacking the neuregulin receptor ErbB4. Nat. Cell. Biol. 2 (2), 103-109 (2000).
  39. Kulesa, P. M., Bailey, C. M., Kasemeier-Kulesa, J. C., McLennan, R. Cranial neural crest migration: new rules for an old road. Dev. Biol. 344 (2), 543-554 (2009).
  40. Lwigale, P. Y., Bronner-Fraser, M. Semaphorin3A/neuropilin-1 signaling acts as a molecular switch regulating neural crest migration during cornea development. Dev. Biol. 336 (2), 257-265 (2009).
  41. Killian, O. l. e. s. n. i. c. k. y., Birkholz, E. C., A, D., Artinger, K. B. A role for chemokine signaling in neural crest cell migration and craniofacial. Dev. Biol. 333 (1), 161-172 (2009).
  42. Gammill, L. S., Gonzalez, C., Bronner-Fraser, M. Neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling is essential for cranial neural crest migration and trigeminal ganglion condensation. Dev. Neurobiol. 67 (1), 47-56 (2007).
  43. Osborne, N. J., Begbie, J., Chilton, J. K., Schmidt, H., Eickholt, B. J. Semaphorin/neuropilin signaling influences the positioning of migratory neural crest cells within the hindbrain region of the chick. Dev. Dyn. 232 (4), 939-949 (2005).
  44. Kanzler, B., Foreman, R. K., Labosky, P. A., Mallo, M. BMP signaling is essential for development of skeletogenic and neurogenic cranial neural crest. Development. 127 (5), 1095-1104 (2000).
  45. Garcia-Lopez, R., Pombero, A., Martinez, S. Fate map of the chick embryo neural tube. Dev. Growth Differ. 51 (3), 145-165 (2009).
  46. Goldstein, A. M., Nagy, N. A bird’s eye view of enteric nervous system development: lessons from the avian embryo. Pediatr. Res. 64 (4), 326-333 (2008).
  47. Le Douarin, N., Dieterlen-Lievre, F., Creuzet, S., Teillet, M. A. Quail-chick transplantations. Methods Cell. Biol. 87, 19-58 (2008).
  48. Wingate, R. J., Lumsden, A. Persistence of rhombomeric organisation in the postsegmental hindbrain. Development. 122 (7), 2143-2152 (1996).
  49. Karagenc, L., Sandikci, M. Tissue distribution of cells derived from the area opaca in heterospecific quail-chick blastodermal chimeras. J. Anat. 216 (1), 16-22 (2010).
  50. Teague, W. J., Jayanthi, N. V., Lear, P. V., Johnson, P. R. Foregut mesenchyme contributes cells to pancreatic acini during embryonic development in a chick-quail chimera model. Pediatr. Surg. Int. 21 (3), 138-142 (2005).
  51. Borue, X., Noden, D. M. Normal and aberrant craniofacial myogenesis by grafted trunk somitic and segmental plate mesoderm. Development. 131 (16), 3967-3980 (2004).
  52. He, L. Three different fates of cells migrating from somites into the limb bud. Anat. Embryol. (Berl). 207 (1), 29-34 (2003).
  53. Huang, R., Zhi, Q., Christ, B. The relationship between limb muscle and endothelial cells migrating from single somite. Anat. Embryol. (Berl). 206 (4), 283-289 (2003).
  54. Hidalgo-Sanchez, M., Simeone, A., Alvarado-Mallart, R. M. Fgf8 and Gbx2 induction concomitant with Otx2 repression is correlated with midbrain-hindbrain fate of caudal prosencephalon. Development. 126 (14), 3191-3203 (1999).
  55. Verberne, M. E., Gittenberger-de Groot, A. C., Poelmann, R. E. Lineage and development of the parasympathetic nervous system of the embryonic chick heart. Anat. Embryol. (Berl). 198 (3), 171-184 (1998).
  56. Burns, A. J., Douarin, N. M. The sacral neural crest contributes neurons and glia to the post-umbilical gut: spatiotemporal analysis of the development of the enteric nervous system. Development. 125 (21), 4335-4347 (1998).
  57. Debby-Brafman, A., Burstyn-Cohen, T., Klar, A., Kalcheim, C. F-Spondin, expressed in somite regions avoided by neural crest cells, mediates inhibition of distinct somite domains to neural crest migration. Neuron. 22 (3), 475-488 (1999).
  58. Lwigale, P. Y., Bronner-Fraser, M. Lens-derived Semaphorin3A regulates sensory innervation of the cornea. Dev. Biol. 306 (2), 750-759 (2007).
  59. Nakamura, H., Funahashi, J. Introduction of DNA into chick embryos by in ovo electroporation. Methods. 24 (1), 43-48 (2001).
  60. Chen, Y. X., Krull, C. E., Reneker, L. W. Targeted gene expression in the chicken eye by in ovo electroporation. Mol. Vis. 10, 874-883 (2004).
  61. Sato, F., Nakagawa, T., Ito, M., Kitagawa, Y., Hattori, M. A. Application of RNA interference to chicken embryos using small interfering RNA. J. Exp. Zool. A. Comp. Exp. Biol. 301 (10), 820-827 (2004).
  62. Lwigale, P. Y., Schneider, R. A. Other chimeras: quail-duck and mouse-chick. Methods Cell. Biol. 87, 59-74 (2008).
  63. Hamburger, V., Hamilton, H. L. A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. 1951. Dev. Dyn. 195 (4), 231-272 (1992).
  64. Brady, J. A simple technique for making very fine, durable dissecting needles by sharpening tungsten wire electrolytically. Bull. World Health Organ. 32 (1), 143-144 (1965).
  65. Le Douarin, N. M. A Feulgen-positive nucleolus. Exp. Cell. Res. 77 (1), 459-468 (1973).
  66. Feulgen, R., Rossenbeck, H. Mikroskopisch-chemischer Nachweis einer Nucleinsaure vom typus der Thymonucleinsiiure und die darauf beruhende elektive Faibung von Zellkemen in mikroskopischen Praparaten. Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem. 135, 203-252 (1924).
  67. Lwigale, P. Y., Conrad, G. W., Bronner-Fraser, M. Graded potential of neural crest to form cornea, sensory neurons and cartilage along the rostrocaudal axis. Development. 131 (9), 1979-1991 (2004).
  68. Weston, J. A. A radioautographic analysis of the migration and localization of trunk neural crest cells in the chick. Dev. Biol. 6, 279-310 (1963).
  69. Le Douarin, N. M., Kalcheim, C. . The Neural Crest. , (2009).
  70. Le Douarin, N. M., Teillet, M. A. The migration of neural crest cells to the wall of the digestive tract in avian embryo. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 30 (1), 31-48 (1973).
  71. Douarin, N. M. L. e., Jotereau, F. V. Tracing of cells of the avian thymus through embryonic life in interspecific chimeras. J. Exp. Med. 142 (1), 17-40 (1975).
  72. Le Douarin, N. M., Renaud, D., Teillet, M. A., Le Douarin, G. H. Cholinergic differentiation of presumptive adrenergic neuroblasts in interspecific chimeras after heterotopic transplantations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72 (2), 728-732 (1975).
  73. Houssaint, E., Belo, M., Le Douarin, N. M. Investigations on cell lineage and tissue interactions in the developing bursa of Fabricius through interspecific chimeras. Dev. Biol. 53 (2), 250-264 (1976).
  74. Le Douarin, N. M., Jotereau, F. V., Houssaint, E., Belo, M. Ontogeny of the avian thymus and bursa of Fabricius studied in interspecific chimeras. Ann. Immunol. (Paris). 127 (6), 849-856 (1976).
  75. Fontaine, J., Le Douarin, N. M. Analysis of endoderm formation in the avian blastoderm by the use of quail-chick chimaeras. The problem of the neurectodermal origin of the cells of the APUD series. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 41, 209-222 (1977).
  76. Narayanan, C. H., Narayanan, Y. On the origin of the ciliary ganglion in birds studied by the method of interspecific transplantation of embryonic brain regions between quail and chick. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 47, 137-148 (1978).
  77. Lwigale, P. Y., Cressy, P. A., Bronner-Fraser, M. Corneal keratocytes retain neural crest progenitor cell properties. Dev. Biol. 288 (1), 284-293 (2005).
  78. Lwigale, P. Y. Embryonic origin of avian corneal sensory nerves. Dev. Biol. 239 (2), 323-337 (2001).
  79. Tanaka, H., Kinutani, M., Agata, A., Takashima, Y., Obata, K. Pathfinding during spinal tract formation in the chick-quail chimera analysed by species-specific monoclonal antibodies. Development. 110 (2), 565-571 (1990).

Tags

Neural Crest MigrationDifferentiationCross-species TransplantationAvian EmbryosQuail-chick ChimerasMigratory Neural Crest CellsEpithelial To Mesenchymal TransitionCell TypesCartilageMelanocytesNeuronsGliaMultipotent CellsRostro-caudal AxisNeighboring CellsMicroenvironmentPatterningOrganogenesis
check_url/3622?article_type=t

Play Video
PDF
DOI
DOWNLOAD MATERIALS LIST
Cite This Article
Griswold, S. L., Lwigale, P. Y. Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation. J. Vis. Exp. (60), e3622, doi:10.3791/3622 (2012).
Download Citation
Reprints and Permissions

View Video

✖

To prove you're not a robot, please enter the text in the image below

CAPTCHA Image
Play CAPTCHA Audio
Refresh Image