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Biology
肩突硬蜱人工膜喂养
肩突硬蜱人工膜喂养
JoVE Journal
Biology
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JoVE Journal Biology
Tick Artificial Membrane Feeding for Ixodes scapularis

肩突硬蜱人工膜喂养

Full Text
4,288 Views
08:53 min
November 30, 2022

DOI: 10.3791/64553-v

Benedict Khoo1, Benjamin Cull2, Jonathan D. Oliver1

1Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health,University of Minnesota, 2Department of Entomology, College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resources,University of Minnesota

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This study presents a simplified method for in vitro feeding of ticks using an artificial membrane system, which allows for the engorgement of various tick life stages. This approach facilitates the study of tick-pathogen interactions and treatments without requiring animal hosts.

Key Study Components

Research Area

  • Tick biology
  • Pathogen exposure
  • In vitro feeding techniques

Background

  • Previous artificial membrane feeding methods exist but can be complicated.
  • The new protocol improves adaptability across tick species.
  • Membrane feeding provides controlled exposure to pathogens.

Methods Used

  • Artificial membrane system for tick feeding
  • Ticks of various life stages
  • Sterilization and preparation of feeding chambers

Main Results

  • Successfully engorged ticks using the artificial membrane method
  • Demonstrated the protocol's adaptability for different tick species
  • Validated the system's potential for pathogen testing

Conclusions

  • The study successfully demonstrates an efficient and adaptable method for in vitro tick feeding.
  • This method is relevant for ongoing research in tick biology and pathogen studies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the advantage of using artificial membrane feeding for ticks?
It allows for controlled studies of ticks without needing animal hosts, facilitating research on tick-pathogen interactions.
Can this method be applied to other arthropods?
Yes, with modifications and testing for ideal conditions, it can be adapted to other arthropod species.
What preparations are necessary for the feeding chambers?
Chambers must be sterilized, and the silicone membranes need to be prepared and cured properly.
How does membrane thickness affect the experiment?
The correct membrane thickness is crucial for successful feeding; it requires careful measurement and practice.
What temperature is recommended for blood activation?
Blood should be heated to 56 degrees Celsius for optimal activation before use.
What role do phagostimulants play in the feeding process?
Phagostimulants enhance the feeding response of ticks, increasing the likelihood of successful engorgement.
How long can the feeding process take?
The exact time may vary based on tick species and conditions, but typically involves several hours in the water bath.

这里介绍的是一种通过人工膜系统 在体外对 蜱虫进行血液喂养的方法,以允许各种蜱生命阶段的部分或完全充血。

虽然以前已经进行过人工膜喂养,但我们的方案更容易设置,并且通过一些修改即可适应其他蜱虫物种。人工膜喂养的主要优点是它允许暴露于病原体和通过动物喂养可能无法实现的治疗方法。这种人工膜进料系统可以应用于其他节肢动物物种,对理想的吞噬刺激剂进行一些测试,并对理想的膜厚度进行一些修改。

生产正确的膜厚度需要一些练习。确保使用千分尺测量膜上多个位置的厚度。我们实验室的博士后Benjamin Cull将帮助我演示该程序。

首先,用70%乙醇擦拭平坦的无孔表面,例如臂架的玻璃板或陶瓷涂层金属底座,然后用单层保鲜膜覆盖。确保保鲜膜平整,没有气泡或皱纹。将100%人造丝镜头清洁纸胶带到准备好的表面上。

确保它平坦并用胶带在纸张的所有四个面上略微拉紧。通过将硅胶套件的每个部分的五毫升量出五毫升到一次性容器中来制备 0010 硬度硅胶混合物。将两种液体轻轻混合,加入1.5毫升己烷。

继续混合,直到混合物均匀并充分混合。使用小刮刀将硅胶混合物分布在镜头纸上,静置一分钟,以确保硅胶已浸入镜头纸中。稳定地,使用少量向下压力用刮刀将多余的硅胶刮到一边。

用刮刀进行第二次通过,不要施加向下的压力以去除任何硅胶线并产生光滑的层。仅对于幼虫,将饲喂室的顶部浸入Fluon含氟聚合物树脂中数次,使其在两次施用之间干燥以产生一致的层。让膜在无尘环境中固化至少 24 小时,例如封闭的化学品或生物安全柜。

接下来,混合等量的有机硅混合物A和B,以制备30硬度的硅胶混合物,以将腔室连接到膜上。将聚碳酸酯腔室浸入硅胶混合物中约四分之一英寸,然后将它们放在膜片上,注意不要与任何胶带重叠。让附着硅胶固化至少 24 小时。

使用手术刀,小心地切割每个连接的腔室周围的膜,修剪边缘,使其可以顺利地装入六孔板的孔中,而不会在侧面刮擦太多。在腔室内留出足够的材料,以最大限度地添加膜。从膜片的每个角和中心切下一小块剩余的膜。

从每块上取下保鲜膜,用千分尺测量塑料片以确定平均膜厚度。将喂料室与每个室的一个 O 形圈一起放入玻璃烧杯中,在 121 摄氏度下高压灭菌至少 20 分钟以消毒。使用前让腔室冷却。

取出预先准备好的高压灭菌膜室并将O形圈放在它们周围后,在每个腔室中填充足够的70%乙醇以覆盖膜。让它在六孔板中静置五分钟,然后寻找腔室和膜之间以及膜本身中的任何泄漏。从腔室中清空乙醇,然后在生物安全柜或层流罩内风干。

要加热和激活血液中的补体,请在 56 摄氏度下加热 40 分钟,并用每升葡萄糖 2 克补充机械除颤牛血。膜干燥后,将约20微升吞噬兴奋剂涂抹在腔室内部,并倾斜腔室以将其散布在表面周围。当吞噬兴奋剂干燥时,用刷子或镊子快速将蜱虫添加到腔室中。

用封口膜密封顶部,因为水浴的热量会导致它撕裂。然后将每个孔或腔室中加入五毫升的热量和活化血液到锥形管中,并将其放入设置在36摄氏度的水浴中。每5毫升血液中加入5微升3毫摩尔ATP和50微升100X青霉素链霉素真菌区库存,并将4.5毫升血液转移到六孔板的孔中。

轻轻地将腔室放入孔中,调整腔室上的O形圈高度,使膜位于血液中,但侧面周围的血液水平不会超过孔。然后将孔以一定角度放入血液中,以避免血液和膜之间形成气泡。将六个孔板的盖子放在喂养室的顶部。

将带有腔室的六孔板放入准备好的34摄氏度水浴和盖子中。每孔加入5微升3毫摩尔ATP和50微升100X青霉素链霉素真菌区库存到血管中,并将4.5毫升血液转移到新鲜六孔板的孔中,如前所述。从水浴中取出带有滴答室的六孔板,然后将室从孔中取出。

用10毫升灭菌的1X PBS冲洗腔室和膜的外部以去除血液。使用高压灭菌的滤纸,轻轻擦干膜和腔室以去除多余的PBS。如果腔室内有大量冷凝水,请先用高压灭菌的滤纸轻拍干燥湿点,然后再用新鲜的封口膜密封。

然后更换腔室顶部的封口膜。将蜱虫室放入新的六孔板中,并根据需要调整O形圈高度。对板上的每个腔室重复这些步骤。

最后,将六孔板的盖子放在腔室顶部,然后将新的六孔板移回34摄氏度的水浴中。此处显示了肩胛骨若虫部分充血的持续饲料。附着部位周围的黑色或棕色点是在饲料期间和之后可以收集的霜冻,以制造吞噬兴奋剂。

部分充血的肩胛骨若虫附着在膜上。在这里也可以看到充血的幼虫霉菌的外壳。蜱虫充血数和种蛋质量重量在此表中列出。

幼虫和若虫充血实验条件除了该技术中使用的补充剂外,还向血液中添加了鹿器官匀浆。在这里,成功的充血被定义为成功蜕皮到下一个活阶段的充血蜱虫或成功产卵的充血雌性。将硅胶涂在镜片纸上时,需要练习才能获得可接受的厚度,因此在使用前测量膜的厚度始终很重要。

膜喂养会使蜱暴露给病原体或抗生素。这些对蜱生物学方面的影响,如蜕皮成功、产卵和存活率,可以在饲料后进行评估。

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