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JoVE Journal
Bioengineering
从多能干细胞生成人体血管类器官
从多能干细胞生成人体血管类器官
JoVE Journal
Bioengineering
This content is Free Access.
JoVE Journal Bioengineering
Generation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells

从多能干细胞生成人体血管类器官

Full Text
8,429 Views
09:46 min
January 20, 2023

DOI: 10.3791/64715-v

Nicolas Werschler1,2, Josef Penninger1,2,3,4

1School of Biomedical Engineering,University of British Columbia, 2Life Sciences Institute,University of British Columbia, 3Department of Medical Genetics,University of British Columbia, 4Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)

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Please note that some of the translations on this page are AI generated. Click here for the English version.

Overview

This protocol outlines the generation of human blood vessel organoids from pluripotent stem cells, facilitating the study of vasculogenesis and vascular diseases. The method emphasizes reproducibility and consistency across various stem cell lines.

Key Study Components

Area of Science

  • Vasculogenesis
  • Angiogenesis
  • Vascular pathologies

Background

  • Blood vessel organoids are crucial for studying vascular development.
  • The technique allows for high-throughput analysis of vascular diseases.
  • Previous research has utilized these organoids to investigate diabetic vasculopathy.
  • Maintaining stem cell populations is essential for successful organoid generation.

Purpose of Study

  • To develop a reliable protocol for creating blood vessel organoids.
  • To explore the morphological changes in diabetic patient vasculature.
  • To investigate potential drug treatments for vascular diseases.

Methods Used

  • Culture and dissociate human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Form aggregates in ultra-low attachment plates.
  • Induce mesoderm differentiation and vessel sprouting.
  • Utilize extracellular matrix for embedding and differentiation.

Main Results

  • Successfully generated blood vessel organoids with a connected endothelial network.
  • Demonstrated the ability to study vascular morphology and function.
  • Showed potential for drug testing in vascular pathologies.
  • Established a reproducible method applicable to various stem cell lines.

Conclusions

  • The protocol provides a robust framework for vascular research.
  • Blood vessel organoids can serve as valuable models for studying diseases.
  • Future applications may enhance understanding of vascular health and disease.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are blood vessel organoids?
Blood vessel organoids are 3D structures derived from stem cells that mimic the architecture and function of blood vessels.
How are these organoids generated?
They are generated by culturing pluripotent stem cells, forming aggregates, and inducing differentiation in a controlled environment.
What diseases can be studied using this method?
This method can be used to study various vascular diseases, including diabetic vasculopathy and other angiogenesis-related conditions.
What are the advantages of this protocol?
The protocol offers high reproducibility, consistency across different stem cell lines, and the ability to conduct high-throughput analyses.
What role do extracellular matrices play in this study?
Extracellular matrices provide a supportive environment for the growth and differentiation of blood vessel organoids.
Can this technique be applied to other types of stem cells?
Yes, the protocol is designed to be applicable to various pluripotent stem cell lines.
What is the significance of studying blood vessel organoids?
Studying blood vessel organoids helps in understanding vascular development and the mechanisms underlying vascular diseases.

该协议描述了从人类多能和诱导多能干细胞产生自组织血管。这些血管网络表现出广泛且连接的内皮网络,周围环绕着周细胞、平滑肌肌动蛋白和连续的基底膜。

该协议概述了我们从多能干细胞中产生的人类血管类器官。该技术可用于研究血管生成、血管生成、血管疾病以及血管病理学的各个方面。可重复性和高通量性,以及它在许多不同的干细胞系中的一致性,是该技术的强大优势。

就其应用而言,我们之前的一些研究概述了使用血管类器官来研究糖尿病患者脉管系统的形态变化,并探索糖尿病血管病变的药物治疗途径。正确维持初始干细胞群,防止聚集体聚集,并确保接近均匀的聚集体直径,这些都是产生良好血管类器官的重要因素。使用培养的人多能干细胞(hPSC)开始生成聚集体,具有70%的汇合度。

使用移液管或真空系统吸出培养基并用一毫升细胞解离试剂替换,然后将细胞在37摄氏度下孵育五分钟。同时,按照文本手稿中提到的配方,在15毫升锥形管中制备必要体积的聚集培养基。孵育细胞后,在将细胞悬浮在一毫升聚集培养基中之前吸出细胞解离试剂。

轻轻上下移液内容物以创建单细胞悬浮液。使用自动细胞计数设备或在显微镜下对细胞进行计数,并计算聚集体形成所需的细胞总数。细胞活力读数显示单细胞悬液,簇低或无簇。

从管中吸出上清液,并将适当体积的细胞悬液添加到15毫升高透明度聚丙烯锥形管中的聚集培养基中,并轻轻上下移液稀释的细胞悬液以确保均匀的细胞分布。将三毫升稀释的细胞悬液移液到六孔超低附着培养板的每个所需孔中。将板放入培养箱中,并尽量减少任何干扰,以保持聚集体的大小和形状。

按照文本手稿中的说明准备中胚层培养基。细胞接种后24小时,将培养板从培养箱中取出。以圆周运动旋转板以在每个孔的中心积累聚集体。

使用一毫升移液管,将带有培养基的聚集体从每个孔轻轻转移到相应的锥形管中。让聚集体在室温下沉淀在锥形管中一小时。沉淀后,用移液管或高灵敏度吸液泵谨慎吸出上清液,不要干扰沉降的聚集体。

通过加入两毫升中胚层诱导培养基将聚集体重悬于每个管中。接下来,将悬浮液从每个管转移回超低附着六孔培养板的相应孔中。将板放入37摄氏度的培养箱中,直到第四天。

在第 4 天,将培养板从培养箱中取出,然后以圆周运动摇动板以收集每个孔中心的聚集体。使用一毫升移液器,将聚集体与周围培养基从每个孔轻轻转移到相应的锥形管中。将计时器设置为 30 分钟,以使聚集体沉淀在管中。

聚集体沉淀后,如前所述准备培养板,并将它们置于37摄氏度的培养箱中,直到第六天。对于骨料包埋和血管发芽诱导,在冰上工作时准备所需的细胞外基质溶液的最终体积。将 500 微升 ECM 移液到 12 孔板的一个孔中,形成 ECM 夹心的第一层。

为确保第一层ECM的有效聚合,将板置于37摄氏度的培养箱中两个小时。在两小时孵育结束时,开始使用培养板中的聚集体。将聚集体收集在每个孔的中心,然后使用一毫升移液器将每个孔中的聚集体和培养基轻轻转移到相应的15毫升锥形管中。

让聚集体沉淀 10 至 15 分钟,然后吸出上清液。之后,将装有骨料的锥形管放在冰上五分钟。快速小心地工作,将聚集体重悬于500微升的ECM中,而不会形成气泡。

使用移液器将ECM聚集体悬浮液层层在12孔板的孔内已经聚合的第一ECM层上。同时,按照文本手稿中的说明准备发芽培养基。在37摄氏度下孵育两小时后,将一毫升预热至37摄氏度的发芽培养基加入孔中以诱导血管分化。

在无菌条件下工作,使用无菌刮刀的圆形端松开包含血管网络的ECM发芽基质。然后,使用无菌镊子和无菌刮刀的圆形端,小心地将松动的凝胶盘转移到10厘米培养皿的盖子上。将凝胶放在调节到所需放大倍数和焦点的体视显微镜下的盖子上,并使用无菌针切出单个血管网络,试图限制在此过程中获得的非血管化ECM的数量。

轻轻地将分离的类器官转移回含有三毫升发芽培养基的超低附着六孔板的一个孔中。接下来,使用一毫升移液器,将单个类器官转移到超低附着96孔板中适当数量的孔中。转移后,将200微升预热的发芽培养基加入96孔板的每个孔中。

在96孔板中分离四到六天后,确保类器官具有圆形和健康的形态,然后再进行固定和染色。在明场下捕获hPSCs逐渐进展的人血管类器官或hBVO生成的图像。在第0天,从hPSC培养物中产生直径为30至100微米的聚集体。

在第一天的中胚层诱导中观察到聚集体的大小和形状的细微变化,随着聚集体经历血管启动,第四天进一步变化。近径向对称的早期血管发芽可以在第七天观察到,即将聚集体嵌入发芽基质后的第二天。在第9天观察到健康的类器官形态和持续的血管发芽,到第10天,当类器官中心的致密细胞结构几乎消失时,进展到晚期血管发芽。

到第15天清楚地观察到成熟人血管类器官的典型形态。第15天展示了成熟hBVO的全卡口染色,并且广泛且连接的内皮网络为CD31阳性,周围环绕着PDGFR-β阳性寄生虫和SMA阳性α-平滑肌肌动蛋白。PDGFR-β阳性和SMA阳性壁细胞包封内皮血管网络是很好的观察到的。

还观察到包裹血管网络的连续胶原IV阳性基底膜。在包埋步骤中确保细胞外基质的适当聚合对于有效的血管发芽至关重要。研究人员使用我们的血管类器官技术在已经建立的类器官模型中生成早期血管区室,例如以前是无血管的大脑和肾脏。

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