Maintenance of a Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury Device

Summary

Proper care and maintenance are essential for a lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) device to function reliably. Here, we demonstrate how to properly clean, fill, and assemble an LFPI device, and ensure that it is adequately maintained for optimal results.

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for roughly 2.5 million emergency room visits and hospitalizations annually and is a leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults. TBI is caused by a sudden force applied to the head and, to better understand human TBI and its underlying mechanisms, experimental injury models are necessary. Lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) is a commonly used injury model due to similarities in the pathological changes found in human TBI compared to LFPI, including hemorrhages, vascular disruption, neurological deficits, and neuron loss. LFPI employs a pendulum and a fluid-filled cylinder, the latter having a moveable piston at one end, and a Luer lock connection to stiff, fluid-filled tubing at the other end. Preparation of the animal involves performing a craniectomy and attaching a Luer hub over the site. The next day, the tubing from the injury device is connected to the Luer hub on the animal's skull and the pendulum is raised to a specified height and released. The impact of the pendulum with the piston generates a pressure pulse which is transmitted to the intact dura mater of the animal via the tubing and produces the experimental TBI. Proper care and maintenance are essential for the LFPI device to function reliably, as the character and severity of the injury can vary greatly depending on the condition of the device. Here, we demonstrate how to properly clean, fill, and assemble the LFPI device, and ensure that it is adequately maintained for optimal results.

Introduction

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a sudden force applied to the head. Following primary injuries resulting from the physical impact, TBI survivors commonly experience secondary injuries, including cognitive deficits and neurological dysfunctions that are associated with physiological responses to the initial injury¹. It is estimated that roughly 69 million individuals worldwide suffer from TBI annually². In the United States alone, approximately 2.5 million TBI-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations occur each year, making TBI one of the leading causes of disability and death among children and young ....

Protocol

1. Cleaning the LFPI cylinder

1. Carefully detach the syringes attached to the transducer housing and fill port, as well as the cable connected to the pressure transducer (see Figure 1 for a schematic of injury device components).
2. While being careful not to drop the cylinder, unscrew the hand knobs at the back of the device from the cylinder clamps to free the cylinder.
3. Remove the piston at the end of the cylinder, transducer, transducer housing, and plunger O-rings.
4. Drain fluid out of the cylinder.
5. Add mild detergent, such as dish washing detergent, to the cylinder and scr....

Results

We tested the effects of air bubble contamination in an LFPI device on waveform formation. We injected air bubbles into the device and compared the oscilloscope outputs with oscilloscope data collected from a non-contaminated LFPI device. Conditions were as follows: non-contaminated, injection of 5 mL of air, injection of 10 mL of air, and injection of 15 mL of air. We kept the pendulum at a consistent height for all impacts for all conditions, and we performed 15 impacts per condition.

When p.......

Discussion

The techniques outlined above demonstrate how to properly maintain an LFPI device. Routine cleaning and monitoring are necessary to keep the LFPI device functioning correctly and reliably. Additionally, due to the invasive nature of the LFPI procedure, it is imperative that the device be cleaned thoroughly to prevent infection of laboratory animals.

Avoiding the formation of air bubbles in the device is crucial for obtaining optimal injuries and pressure waveforms. Air bubbles alter the chara.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
2 - 10 mL syringes with Luer lock capability			Ensures that needle is secure and reduces possible leaks of fluid
Degassed fluid			Helps to reduce air bubble formation during injury procedure
Fluid Percussion Injury (FPI) device (Model 01-B)	Custom Designs & Fabrications Inc.	N/A	Injury device used to model TBI in rodents
Mild detergent			Allows to thoroughly clean the LFPI cylinder
Petroleum Jelly			Used as a water-repellent and protects LFPI device form rust
Teflon tape			Helps with tight seal of pipe joints on the LFPI device
*Materials other than the LFPI device can be purchased from any reliable company.