Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Summary

We present a microfluidic system for high throughput studies on complex life machinery, which consists of 1500 culture units, an array of enhanced peristaltic pumps and an on-site mixing modulus. The microfluidic chip allows for the analysis of the highly complex and dynamic micro-environmental conditions in vivo.

Abstract

Mimicking in vivo environmental conditions is crucial for in vitro studies on complex life machinery. However, current techniques targeting live cells and organs are either highly expensive, like robotics, or lack nanoliter volume and millisecond time accuracy in liquid manipulation. We herein present the design and fabrication of a microfluidic system, which consists of 1,500 culture units, an array of enhanced peristaltic pumps and an on-site mixing modulus. To demonstrate the capacities of the microfluidic device, neural stem cell (NSC) spheres are maintained in the proposed system. We observed that when the NSC sphere is exposed to CXCL in day 1 and EGF in day 2, the round-shaped conformation is well maintained. Variation in the input order of 6 drugs causes morphological changes to the NSC sphere and the expression level representative marker for NSC stemness (i.e., Hes5 and Dcx). These results indicate that dynamic and complex environmental conditions have great effects on NSC differentiation and self-renewal, and the proposed microfluidic device is a suitable platform for high throughput studies on the complex life machinery.

Introduction

High throughput techniques are crucial for biomedical and clinical studies. By parallelly conducting millions of chemical, genetic, or live cell and organoid tests, researchers can rapidly identify genes that modulate a bio-molecular pathway, and customize sequential drug input to one's specific needs. Robotics¹ and microfluidic chips in combination with a device control program allow complex experimental procedures to be automated, covering cell/tissue manipulation, liquid handling, imaging, and data processing/control^2,3. Therefore, hundreds and thousands of experimental conditions ca....

Protocol

1. Microfluidic chips design

1. Design the microfluidic multiplexer consisting of 18 inlets, each of which is controlled by an individual valve and a peristaltic pump. To increase the liquid volume driven by per pumping cycle, have the peristaltic pump be composed of 3 control channels, which was purposely widened to 200 µm, and 10 connected flow lines.
2. Design the shear-free culture chamber. Replication of the 2-level culture unit is composed by a lower cell culture chamber (400 µm x 400 µm x 150 µm) and a higher buffer layer (400 µm x 400 µm x 75 µm), which prevents unwanted shear stress on cells during medium exc....

Results

The conventional on-chip peristaltic pump was firstly described by Stephen Quake in 2000, using which the peristalsis was actuated by the pattern 101, 100, 110, 010, 011, 001 ^8,10. The number 0 and 1 indicate "open" and "close" of the 3 horizontal control lines. Studies using more than 3 valves (e.g., five) have also been reported¹¹. Even though the peristaltic pump composed by 3 control lines and 3 flow lines provides nanoliter accuracy, .......

Discussion

Various microfluidic devices have been developed to perform multiplexed and complex experiments^17,18,19,20. For example, microwells made of an array of topological recesses can trap individual cells without the use of external force, showing advantageous characters including small sample size, parallelization, lower material cost, faster response, high sensitivity^21.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
2713 Loker Avenue West	Torrey pines scientific
AZ-50X	AZ Electronic Materials, Luxembourg
Chlorotrimethylsilane(TMCS) 92360-25mL	Sigma
CO2 Incubator HP151	Heal Force
Desktop Hole Puncher for PDMS chips WH-CF-14	Suzhou Wenhao Microfluidic Technology Co., Ltd.
DMEM(L-glutamine, High Glucose, henol Red)	Invitrogen
Electronic Balance UTP-313 Max:600g, e:0.1g, d:0.01g	Shanghai Hochoice Apparatus Manufacturer Co.,LTD.
FBS	Sigma
Fibronection 0.25 mg/mL	Millipore, Austria
Glutamax 100x	Gibco
Heating Incubator BGG-9240A	Shanghai bluepard instruments Co.,Ltd.
Nikon Model Eclipse Ti2-E	Nikon
Pen/Strep 10 Units/mL Penicillin 10 ug/mL Streptomycin	Invitrogen
Plasma cleaner PDC-002	Harrick Plasma
polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)	Momentive
polylysine 0.01%	Sigma
Spin coater ARE-310	Awatori Rentaro
Spin coater TDZ5-WS	Cence
Spin coater WH-SC-01	Suzhou Wenhao Microfluidic Technology Co., Ltd.
SU-8 3025	MicroChem, Westborough, MA, USA
SU-8 3075	MicroChem, Westborough, MA, USA