Generation of a Mouse Artificial Decidualization Model with Ovariectomy for Endometrial Decidualization Research

Summary

Here, we describe the method of generating an artificial decidualization model using the ovariectomized mouse, a classic endometrial decidualization experiment in the research field of endometrial decidualization.

Abstract

Endometrial decidualization is a unique differentiation process of the endometrium, closely related to menstruation and pregnancy. Impairment of decidualization leads to various endometrial disorders, such as infertility, recurrent miscarriage, and preterm birth. The development and use of the endometrial decidualization model in reproductive studies have been a highlight for reproductive researchers for a long time. The mouse has been extensively used in studying reproduction and decidualization. There are three well-established mouse models regarding decidualization, namely natural pregnancy decidualization (NPD), artificial decidualization (AD), and in vitro decidualization (IVD). Among them, AD is considered a reliable model for mouse decidualization, which is easy to implement and close to NPD. This paper focuses on a modified method of the generation and application process of the mouse artificial decidualization model with ovariectomy to avoid ovarian effects, which can obtain highly reproducible results with small within group variances. This method provides a good and reliable animal model for the study of endometrial decidualization.

Introduction

With the development of human-assisted reproductive technology, the current clinical pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has reached or even exceeded that of natural pregnancy. Despite this, many patients in assisted reproduction clinical practice still undergo multiple embryo transfers but fail to achieve pregnancy as desired. However, its specific molecular mechanism is still unclear, so clinical intervention is ineffective, which is one of the significant challenges facing reproductive medicine^1,2.

Endometrial factors account for about two-t....

Protocol

All of the animal experiments described were approved by the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School's Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (No. 20171202). All operations follow appropriate animal care and use agency and national guidelines.

NOTE: Mice were raised in a specific pathogen-free (SPF) environment, with a temperature of 22 °C ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 50% ± 1%, a light/dark cycle of 12 h/12 h, and free access to food and water.

1. Mouse ovariectomy

1. Sterilize the surgical instruments with a high-temperature and high....

Results

The mouse decidualization model indexes include the uterus's general morphology, the mass ratio of the decidualized and non-decidualized uterus, the histological morphology of the endometrium, and the expression level of decidualization marker molecules. The general morphology of the artificial decidualized uterus of mice induced by oil is closer to that of the uterus in pregnancy. The uterine body becomes thick, and the uterine cavity becomes smaller than the non-induced side. The volume and weight of the induced uterin.......

Discussion

Decidualization in mice is a spontaneous process depending on the presence of embryos, which is different from humans. However, it has been found that artificial stimulation such as uterine injection of glass beads and uterine laceration can induce decidualization of the endometrium instead of embryos. In addition, researchers found that many factors could induce decidual or participate in decidualization, such as the injection of steroid hormones, prostaglandins, and growth inhibitory factors into the uterine cavity

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
Estrogen	Sigma	E2758	Hormone supplement
Progesterone	Sigma	P0130	Hormone supplement
Sesame oil	Sigma	S3547	Hormone supplement
Sodium pentobarbital	Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co.,Ltd.		Anaesthesia
Meloxicam injection	Qilu Animal Health Products Co., Ltd		Analgesia
Alkaline phophatase stain kit(kaplow's/azo coupling method)	Solarbio	G1480	Alkaline phophatase stain
Eosin	Servicebio	G1005-2	HE stain
Hematoxylin	Servicebio	G1005-1	HE stain
ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix	Vazyme	Q711-02	qPCR
70% ethanol	Lircon	ZH1120090	Disinfect
Iodophor	Runzekang	RZK-DF	Disinfect
Erythromycin Eye Ointment	Guangzhou Baiyunshan		Mice eyeball protect
4-0 suture	Ethicon	W329	Incision suture
10% formalin	Yulu	L25010118	Tissue fix
Optimal cutting temperature compound	Sakura	4583	Ssection
Trizol reagent	Ambion	15596018	qPCR