Определение белковых комплексов в<em> Кишечной палочки</em> С помощью последовательного аффинной очистки пептидов в сочетании с тандемной масс-спектрометрии

Summary

Affinity очистки меченых белков в сочетании с масс-спектрометрии (ППМ) является мощным методом для систематического отображения сети взаимодействия белка и для исследования механистической основе биологических процессов. Здесь мы описываем оптимизированный последовательных пептидов близости (SPA) ППМ процедуры, разработанные для бактерии<em> Кишечной палочки</em>, Который может быть использован для выделения и характеризуют стабильное мульти-белковых комплексов почти до однородности, даже начиная с низким числом копий на клетку.

Abstract

Since most cellular processes are mediated by macromolecular assemblies, the systematic identification of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and the identification of the subunit composition of multi-protein complexes can provide insight into gene function and enhance understanding of biological systems^{1, 2}. Physical interactions can be mapped with high confidence vialarge-scale isolation and characterization of endogenous protein complexes under near-physiological conditions based on affinity purification of chromosomally-tagged proteins in combination with mass spectrometry (APMS). This approach has been successfully applied in evolutionarily diverse organisms, including yeast, flies, worms, mammalian cells, and bacteria^1-6. In particular, we have generated a carboxy-terminal Sequential Peptide Affinity (SPA) dual tagging system for affinity-purifying native protein complexes from cultured gram-negative Escherichia coli, using genetically-tractable host laboratory strains that are well-suited for genome-wide investigations of the fundamental biology and conserved processes of prokaryotes^{1, 2, 7}. Our SPA-tagging system is analogous to the tandem affinity purification method developed originally for yeast^{8, 9}, and consists of a calmodulin binding peptide (CBP) followed by the cleavage site for the highly specific tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease and three copies of the FLAG epitope (3X FLAG), allowing for two consecutive rounds of affinity enrichment. After cassette amplification, sequence-specific linear PCR products encoding the SPA-tag and a selectable marker are integrated and expressed in frame as carboxy-terminal fusions in a DY330 background that is induced to transiently express a highly efficient heterologous bacteriophage lambda recombination system¹⁰. Subsequent dual-step purification using calmodulin and anti-FLAG affinity beads enables the highly selective and efficient recovery of even low abundance protein complexes from large-scale cultures. Tandem mass spectrometry is then used to identify the stably co-purifying proteins with high sensitivity (low nanogram detection limits).

Here, we describe detailed step-by-step procedures we commonly use for systematic protein tagging, purification and mass spectrometry-based analysis of soluble protein complexes from E. coli, which can be scaled up and potentially tailored to other bacterial species, including certain opportunistic pathogens that are amenable to recombineering. The resulting physical interactions can often reveal interesting unexpected components and connections suggesting novel mechanistic links. Integration of the PPI data with alternate molecular association data such as genetic (gene-gene) interactions and genomic-context (GC) predictions can facilitate elucidation of the global molecular organization of multi-protein complexes within biological pathways. The networks generated for E. coli can be used to gain insight into the functional architecture of orthologous gene products in other microbes for which functional annotations are currently lacking.

Protocol

1. Строительство ген-специфического SPA-пометки в E. Штамм кишечной DY330 Плазмиды pJL148 охватывает SPA-теги последовательности ДНК и канамицин антибиотиков кассеты маркер устойчивости (Кан R) используется в качестве матрицы в полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) 7. 45 ну?…

Representative Results

Once tagged bait proteins, which are expressed at endogenous levels are affinity-purified from logarithmic phase cultures the samples were run on a silver-stain gel to visualize the individual polypeptide components of the isolated stable complexes. We also subjected a second portion of the affinity-purified protein samples to gel-free tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS) to identify the corresponding polypeptide sequences. The effectiveness of this APMS procedure is shown with a representative SDS-PAGE analysis of the compon…

Discussion

Ключевым аспектом SPA-подхода ППМ описано здесь является то, что пометки осуществляется в пределах естественной хромосомной контексте, обеспечивая тем самым нормальное регулирование генов сохраняется (то есть. Родной промоутер приманки сохранились, следовательно, уровни экспрес?…

Materials

Materials	Vendor	and Catalog Numbers
			I. Antibiotics
Kanamycin	Bioshop	#KAN201
Ampicillin	Bioshop	#AMP201
			2. Terrific-Broth medium
Bio-Tryptone	Bioshop	#TRP 402
Yeast extract	Bioshop	#YEX 555
Glycerol	Bioshop	#GLY 002
K2HPO4	Bioshop	#PPM 302
KH2PO4	Bioshop	#PPM 303
			3. Bacterial Strain and Plasmid
DY330		Yu et al. (2000)10
pJL148		Zeghouf et al. (2004)7
			4. PCR and Electrophoresis Reagents
Taq DNA polymerase	Fermentas	# EP0281
10 X PCR buffer	Fermentas	# EP0281
10 mM dNTPs	Fermentas	# EP0281
25 mM MgCl2	Fermentas	# EP0281
Agarose	Bioshop	# AGA002
Loading dye	NEB	#B7021S
Ethidium bromide	Bioshop	# ETB444
10X TBE buffer	Thermo Scientific	#28355
Tris Base	Bioshop	#TRS001
Boric acid	Bioshop	#BOR001
0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0)	Sigma	# E6768
DNA ladder	NEB	#N3232L
			5. Plasmid isolation and Clean-up Kits
Plasmid Midi kit	Qiagen	#12143
QIAquick PCR purification kit	Qiagen	#28104
			6. PCR and Transformation Equipments
Thermal cycler	BioRad	iCycler
Agarose gel electrophoresis	BioRad
Electroporator	Bio-Rad	GenePulser II
0.2 cm electroporation cuvette	Bio-Rad
42 °C water bath shaker		Innova 3100
Beckman Coulter TJ-25 centrifuge	Beckman Coulter	TS-5.1-500
32 °C Shaker	New Brunswick Scientific, USA
32 °C large Shaker	New Brunswick Scientific, USA
32 °C plate incubator	Fisher Scientific
			7. Electrophoresis and Western blotting
Acrylamide monomer, N,N’- methylenebis-acrylamide	Bio-Rad	#161-0125
Ammonium persulfate	Bioshop	# AMP001
n-butanol	Sigma	# B7906
TEMED	Bioshop	#TEM001
Whatman No. 1 filter paper	Fischer Scientific	#09-806A
Mini protean 3 cell	Bio-Rad	#165-3301
iBlot gel transfer device	Invitrogen	#IB1001
Nitrocellulose membranes	Bio-Rad	#162-0115
Monoclonal Anti-Flag M2 antibody	Sigma	#F3165
Horseradish peroxidase	Amersham	#NA931V
Pre-stained protein molecular weight standards	Bio-Rad	#161-0363
Chemiluminescence reagent	PIERCE	#1856136
Autoradiography film	Clonex Corp	#CLEC810
Quick Draw blotting paper	Sigma	#P7796
C2 platform rocking shaker	New Brunswick Scientific, USA
			8. Sonication Equipment and Reagents
Sonicator	Branson Ultrasonic	#23395
NaCl	Bioshop	#SOD001
Protease inhibitors	Roche	#800-363-5887
0.5 mM TCEP-HCl	Thermo Scientific	#20490
			9. Affinity Purification Reagents and Equipment
0.8 x 4 cm Bio-Rad polypropylene column	Bio-Rad	#732-6008
Benzonase nuclease	Novagen	#70746
Anti-FLAG M2 agarose beads	Sigma	#A2220
Calmodulin-sepharose beads	GE Healthcare	#17-0529-01
TEV protease	Invitrogen	#12575-015
Triton X-100	Sigma	#T9284
CaCl2	Sigma	#C2661
EGTA	Sigma	#E3889
LabQuake Shaker	Thermolyne	#59558
			10. Silver Staining Reagents
Methanol	Bioshop	#MET302
Acetic acid	Bioshop	t#ACE222
Sodium-thiosulfate	Sigma	#S-7143
Silver nitrate	Fischer Scientific	#S181-100
Formaldehyde	Bioshop	#FOR201
Sodium carbonate	Bioshop	#SOC512
			11. Reagents and Equipment for Protein Identification
Trypsin Gold, Mass Spectrometry Grade	Promega	# V5280
50 mM NH4HCO3	Bioshop	#AMC555
1 mM CaCl2	Bioshop	#CCL302
Acetonitrile	Sigma	#A998-4
Formic acid	Sigma	#F0507
HPLC grade water	Sigma	#95304
Iodoacetamide	Sigma	#16125
Millipore Zip-Tip	Millipore	# ZTC18M960
~10 cm of 3 μm Luna-C18 resin	Phenomenex
Proxeon nano HPLC pump	Thermo Fisher Scientific
LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer		Thermo Fisher Scientific
			12. Labware
4 liter conical flasks	VWR	#89000-372
50 ml polypropylene falcon tubes	Any Vendor
1.5 ml micro-centrifuge tubes	Any Vendor
250 ml conical flaks	VWR	#29140-045
15 ml sterile culture tubes	Thermo Scientific	#366052
Cryogenic vials	VWR	#479-3221
-80 °C freezer	Fisher Scientific	#13-990-14
Speed vacuum system	Thermo Scientific
			Buffers and Solutions 1. 1 liter Terrific Broth (TB) media 11 g Bio-Tryptone 22 g Yeast Extract 2% Glycerol 50 ml potassium salt stock solution 2. Potassium Salt Stock Solution 1.5 M K2HPO4 0.35 M KH2PO4 3. Sonication Buffer 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) 150 mM NaCl 0.2 mM EDTA 10% Glycerol Before use add protease inhibitor (PI) and 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 4. AFC buffer 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) 150 mM NaCl 0.1% detergent Before use add PI and 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 5. TEV cleavage buffer 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) 150 mM NaCl 0.2 mM EDTA 0.1% detergent Before use add PI and 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 6. Calmodulin binding buffer 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) 150 mM NaCl 2 mM CaCl2 0.1% detergent Before use add PI and 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 7. Calmodulin wash buffer 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.9 150 mM NaCl 2 mM CaCl2 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 8. Calmodulin elution buffer 30 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.9) 100 mM NaCl 10 mM EGTA 0.1-0.5 mM TCEP 9. Developing solution (1L) 37% Formaldehyde 30 g sodium carbonate 1000 ml distilled water 10. Digestion buffer 50 mM NH4HCO3 1 mM CaCl2 11. Wetting and Equilibration solution 70% acetonitrile (ACN) in 0.1% formic acid 12. Washing solution 100% H2O in 0.1% formic acid