Deafferentated 마우스 망막의 플랫 마운트 준비에 별 모양 무 축삭 세포의 패치 클램프 녹음
Summary
이 프로토콜은 평면 장착 준비에서 망막 신경 세포에 전체 셀 패치 클램프 녹음을 수행하는 방법을 보여줍니다.
Abstract
포유류의 망막 신경 세포는 여러 종류로 이루어지는 층상 티슈이다. 그 복잡한 시냅스 네트워크 내에서 처리하는 방법을 시각적 신호를 이해하기 위해, 전기 생리 녹음 자주 개별 뉴런 사이의 연결을 연구하는 데 사용됩니다. 우리는 마우스 망막의 GCL (신경절 세포 층) 및 INL 모두 유 전적으로 표시 뉴런의 패치 클램프 기록 (내부 핵 층)에 대한 평면 장착 준비를 최적화했다. 수직 및 횡 방향 모두 연결이 전 구성에 보존되어 있기 때문에 평면 마운트에 기록 INL 신경 세포를 연구하는 많은 측면 구성 요소와 망막 회로를 허용 조각을 통해 선호한다. 우리는 콜린성 스타 버스트 무 축삭 세포 (보안 인증)으로 망막의 거울 트너가 신경 세포의 반응을 비교하기 위해이 절차를 사용하고 있습니다.
Introduction
As an easily accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina has for decades been a useful model in neuroscience studies. Genetic marking of neurons has allowed detailed characterization of synaptic connections in the retina. With many methodologies available to examine function and morphology of retinal neurons, the patch clamp recording technique has been instrumental in our current understanding of vertically transmitted signals in the retina. These signals are originated from photon absorption in photoreceptors and sent to brain visual centers through spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a large body of knowledge accumulated thus far, neural diversity in vascularized mammalian retina remains unsolved and obstructs the full appreciation of retinal circuits that subserve normal vision. This is in part because most recordings were performed on retinal slices to trade lateral circuit integrity for access to more proximal retinal neurons1-3. To gain a comprehensive picture on how retina computes visual signals, it is thus desirable to record neurons in flat-mounts wherein lateral connections, large and small, may be better preserved.
When synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells is interrupted due to a defective metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) signaling pathway in depolarizing bipolar cells4-6 or simply as the result of photoreceptor loss in degenerated retinas7-10, many RGCs exhibit oscillatory activities. These oscillations originate from multiple sources, however the one involving gap junction coupling between AII amacrine cells (AII-ACs) and depolarizing cone bipolar cells (DCBCs) has received the most attention and hence is best understood1,7,11. We have found another source, which persists under pharmacological blockade of the aforementioned AII-AC/DCBC network and drives oscillation of OFF-type SACs in RhoΔCTA and Nob mice with deafferentated retinas7,8,12. Here we detail our protocol of preparing retinal flat-mounts for INL neuron recording. This approach uses commercial mouse lines (Jax stock no. 006410 and 007905) to mark cholinergic retinal neurons by fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expression that is identifiable under a fluorescent microscope equipped with contrast enhancing optics. Some experimental results acquired through this approach have been previously reported4,5,7,13.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
많은 실험실이 준비 15-18을 마운트 평평에서 GCL 신경 세포에서 기록했지만, 우리의 절차는 INL 뉴런에서 기록 할 수 있습니다. 우리는 이에 성공 일상적인 레코딩을위한 중요한 몇 가지 단계를 강조한다.
망막의 신선도 및 평탄성 기록 피펫을 관통 중요하다. 이 점에있어서, 상기 천공 된 니트로 셀룰로오스 막에 대한 망막의 확고한 부착 최우선 적시 재수 (단계 3.4-3.6)…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We thank Joung Jang and Xin Guan for technical assistance. We thank Dr. Rory McQuiston of Virginia Commonwealth University for setting up our first patch clamp rig and advices on experimental procedures. We thank Dr. Samuel Wu for suggestions on voltage clamp recording. The work is supported by NIH grants EY013811, EY022228 and a vision core grant EY002520. C-KC is the Alice R. McPherson Retina Research Foundation Endowed Chair at the Baylor College of Medicine.
Materials
| Fixed-stage fluorescent microscope with DIC | Olympus | BX51-WI | |
| Micromanipulators | Sutter | MP-225 | |
| Patch clamp amplifier | A-M System | AM2400 | |
| AD converter | National Instrument | NI-USB-6221 | |
| Heater controller | Warner Instrument | TC-324B | |
| Inline heater | Warner Instrument | SC-20 | |
| Peristaltic pump | Rainin | Dynamax | |
| pipette puller | Sutter Instrument | P-1000 | |
| Glass tube with filament | King Precision Glass | Customized | |
| Stimulator | A.M.P.I. | Master-8 | |
| Biocytin | Sigma | B4261 | |
| NaCl | Sigma | S6191 | |
| KCl | Sigma | P5405 | |
| NaHCO3 | Fisher | BP328-1 | |
| Na2HPO4 | Sigma | S0876 | |
| NaH2PO4 | Sigma | S5011 | |
| CaCl2 | Sigma | C5670 | |
| MgSO4 | Sigma | M1880 | |
| D-glucose | Sigma | G6152 | |
| K-gluconate | Sigma | G4500 | |
| ATP-Mg | Sigma | A9187 | |
| Li-GTP | Sigma | G5884 | |
| EGTA | Sigma | E0396 | |
| HEPES | Sigma | H4034 | |
| KOH | Sigma | P5958 | |
| Cs-methanesulfonate | Sigma | C1426 | |
| CsOH | Sigma | 232041 | |
| Syringer filter | Nalgene | 171 | |
| 1 ml syring | Rainin | 17013002 | |
| 10 ul pipette tip | Genesee Scientific | 24-130RL | |
| Streptavidin-488 | ThermoFisher | S-11223 | |
| 10X PBS | Lonza | 17-517Q |
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