Summary

星爆无长突细胞的膜片钳在Deafferentated小鼠视网膜的平板安装准备

Published: October 13, 2016
doi:

Summary

此协议演示了如何从一台安装在准备视网膜神经元进行全细胞膜片钳记录。

Abstract

哺乳动物视网膜是多种神经元类型构成的分层组织。为了理解如何视觉信号的错综复杂突触网络内进行处理,电生理记录经常用于研究单个神经元之间的连接。我们已经优化了遗传标记的神经元在这两个GCL(神经节细胞层)和INL鼠标视网膜的膜片钳记录(内核层)一台安装准备。在平面支架记录INL神经元是有利的过度分片,因为纵向和横向连接在前者配置保护,这样,具有大的横向分量的视网膜电路进行研究。我们已经用这种方法来比较视网膜镜像神经元结成伙伴的反应,如胆碱能爆无长突细胞(评估中心)。

Introduction

As an easily accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina has for decades been a useful model in neuroscience studies. Genetic marking of neurons has allowed detailed characterization of synaptic connections in the retina. With many methodologies available to examine function and morphology of retinal neurons, the patch clamp recording technique has been instrumental in our current understanding of vertically transmitted signals in the retina. These signals are originated from photon absorption in photoreceptors and sent to brain visual centers through spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a large body of knowledge accumulated thus far, neural diversity in vascularized mammalian retina remains unsolved and obstructs the full appreciation of retinal circuits that subserve normal vision. This is in part because most recordings were performed on retinal slices to trade lateral circuit integrity for access to more proximal retinal neurons1-3. To gain a comprehensive picture on how retina computes visual signals, it is thus desirable to record neurons in flat-mounts wherein lateral connections, large and small, may be better preserved.

When synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells is interrupted due to a defective metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) signaling pathway in depolarizing bipolar cells4-6 or simply as the result of photoreceptor loss in degenerated retinas7-10, many RGCs exhibit oscillatory activities. These oscillations originate from multiple sources, however the one involving gap junction coupling between AII amacrine cells (AII-ACs) and depolarizing cone bipolar cells (DCBCs) has received the most attention and hence is best understood1,7,11. We have found another source, which persists under pharmacological blockade of the aforementioned AII-AC/DCBC network and drives oscillation of OFF-type SACs in RhoΔCTA and Nob mice with deafferentated retinas7,8,12. Here we detail our protocol of preparing retinal flat-mounts for INL neuron recording. This approach uses commercial mouse lines (Jax stock no. 006410 and 007905) to mark cholinergic retinal neurons by fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expression that is identifiable under a fluorescent microscope equipped with contrast enhancing optics. Some experimental results acquired through this approach have been previously reported4,5,7,13.

Protocol

伦理批准 – 涉及受试动物的程序是按照规则和研究动物卫生准则的国家机构的规定进行的,所批准的机构动物护理和使用贝勒医学院的委员会。 1.外部和内部解决方案在视网膜剥离,并在随后电生理记录外液使用哺乳动物的林格氏液。制备哺乳动物林格氏上记录的一天从10倍原液(没有钙)溶液中,添加氯化钙2滴carbogenation的15分钟(95%O 2和5%CO 2)之后。最…

Representative Results

ON-和从deafferentated小鼠视网膜关型的SAC的代表性记录示于图1。在这两个GCL和INL胆碱能细胞可通过tdTomato荧光可靠地识别和DIC下针对全细胞膜片钳记录( 图1A)以揭示其膜电位(顶部的痕迹),并推动它(底部的痕迹, 图1B)突触电流的振荡。抑制和兴奋性突触电流通过保持在分别为0毫伏和-75毫伏,单元,电压钳的条件( 图1B,<…

Discussion

许多实验室已经从保利协鑫神经元记录台安装准备15-18,但我们的程序允许从INL神经元的记录。在此,我们强调的几个步骤是成功的日常记录的关键。

视网膜的新鲜度和平整度是有记录吸管穿透力很重要。在这方面,在视网膜的冲裁硝酸纤维素膜的牢固附着是非常重要的,并通过的溶液中,随后及时补液(步骤3.4-3.6)瞬态吸收实现的。在此短时间内,通常小于30秒,?…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

We thank Joung Jang and Xin Guan for technical assistance. We thank Dr. Rory McQuiston of Virginia Commonwealth University for setting up our first patch clamp rig and advices on experimental procedures. We thank Dr. Samuel Wu for suggestions on voltage clamp recording. The work is supported by NIH grants EY013811, EY022228 and a vision core grant EY002520. C-KC is the Alice R. McPherson Retina Research Foundation Endowed Chair at the Baylor College of Medicine.

Materials

Fixed-stage fluorescent microscope with DIC Olympus BX51-WI
Micromanipulators Sutter MP-225
Patch clamp amplifier A-M System AM2400
AD converter National Instrument NI-USB-6221
Heater controller Warner Instrument TC-324B
Inline heater Warner Instrument SC-20
Peristaltic pump Rainin Dynamax
pipette puller Sutter Instrument P-1000
Glass tube with filament King Precision Glass Customized
Stimulator A.M.P.I. Master-8
Biocytin Sigma B4261
NaCl Sigma S6191
KCl Sigma P5405
NaHCO3 Fisher BP328-1
Na2HPO4 Sigma S0876
NaH2PO4 Sigma S5011
CaCl2 Sigma C5670
MgSO4 Sigma M1880
D-glucose Sigma G6152
K-gluconate Sigma G4500
ATP-Mg Sigma A9187
Li-GTP Sigma G5884
EGTA Sigma E0396
HEPES Sigma H4034
KOH Sigma P5958
Cs-methanesulfonate Sigma C1426
CsOH Sigma 232041
Syringer filter Nalgene 171
1 ml syring Rainin 17013002
10 ul pipette tip Genesee Scientific 24-130RL
Streptavidin-488 ThermoFisher S-11223
10X PBS Lonza 17-517Q

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Cite This Article
Tu, H., Hsu, C., Chen, Y., Chen, C. Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina. J. Vis. Exp. (116), e54608, doi:10.3791/54608 (2016).

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