Using Baseplating and a Miniscope Preanchored with an Objective Lens for Calcium Transient Research in Mice

Summary

The shrinkage of dental cement during curing displaces the baseplate. This protocol minimizes the problem by creating an initial foundation of the dental cement that leaves space to cement the baseplate. Weeks later, the baseplate can be cemented in position on this scaffold using little new cement, therebyreducing shrinkage.

Abstract

Neuroscientists use miniature microscopes (miniscopes) to observe neuronal activity in freely behaving animals. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Miniscope team provides open resources for researchers to build miniscopes themselves. The V3 UCLA Miniscope is one of the most popular open-source miniscopes currently in use. It permits imaging of the fluorescence transients emitted from genetically modified neurons through an objective lens implanted on the superficial cortex (a one-lens system), or in deep brain areas through a combination of a relay lens implanted in the deep brain and an objective lens that is preanchored in the miniscope to observe the relayed image (a two-lens system). Even under optimal conditions (when neurons express fluorescence indicators and the relay lens has been properly implanted), a volume change of the dental cement between the baseplate and its attachment to the skull upon cement curing can cause misalignment with an altered distance between the objective and relay lenses, resulting in the poor image quality. A baseplate is a plate that helps mount the miniscope onto the skull and fixes the working distance between the objective and relay lenses. Thus, changes in the volume of the dental cement around the baseplate alter the distance between the lenses. The present protocol aims to minimize the misalignment problem caused by volume changes in the dental cement. The protocol reduces the misalignment by building an initial foundation of dental cement during relay lens implantation. The convalescence time after implantation is sufficient for the foundation of dental cement to cure the baseplate completely, so the baseplate can be cemented on this scaffold using as little new cement as possible. In the present article, we describe strategies for baseplating in mice to enable imaging of neuronal activity with an objective lens anchored in the miniscope.

Introduction

Fluorescent activity reporters are ideal for imaging of the neuronal activity because they are sensitive and have large dynamic ranges^1,2,3. Therefore, an increasing number of experiments are using fluorescence microscopy to directly observe neuronal activity^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

Protocol

All procedures performed in this study were approved by the National Taiwan University Animal Care and Use Committee (Approval No.: NTU-109-EL-00029 and NTU-108-EL-00158).

1. Assessment of the volume alteration of dental cement

NOTE: Changes in the volume of dental cement occur during the curing process. Test the volume changes of dental cement before implantation and baseplating. Researchers can test any brand of dental cement and use the brand with the lowest volume change to cement the baseplate. An example is shown in Figure 3.

1. We....

Results

Assessment of the dental cement volume alteration
Since the volume of dental cement changes during the curing process, it may significantly impact the imaging quality, given that the working distance of a GRIN lens is approximately 50 to 350 µm^4,8. Therefore, two commercially available dental cements were tested in this case, Tempron and Tokuso, before the implantation and baseplating procedure (Figure 5). Videos.......

Discussion

The present report describes a detailed experimental protocol for researchers using the two-lens UCLA Miniscope system. The tools designed in our protocol are relatively affordable for any laboratory that wishes to try in vivo calcium imaging. Some protocols, such as viral injection, lens implantation, dummy baseplating, and baseplating, could also be used for other versions of the miniscope system to improve the success rate of calcium imaging. Other than general problems with viral injection, and lens implanta.......

Materials

List of materials used in this article

Name	Company	Catalog Number	Comments
0.7-mm drill bit	#19008-07	Fine Science Tools; USA	for surgery
0.1–10 μl pipette tips	104-Q; QSP	Fisher Scientific; Singapore	for testing dental cement
20 G IV cathater	#SR-OX2032CA	Terumo Corporation; Tokyo, Japan	for surgery
27 G needle	AGANI, AN*2713R	Terumo Corporation; Tokyo, Japan	for surgery
AAV9-syn-jGCaMP7s-WPRE	#104487-AAV9; 1.5*10^13	Addgene viral prep; MA, USA	for viral injection
Atropine sulfate		Astart; Hsinchu, Taiwan	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Baseplate	V3	http://miniscope.org	for dummy baseplating/baseplating
BLU TACK	#30840350	Bostik; Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA	Reusable adhesive clay; for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Bone Rongeur Friedman	13 cm	Diener; Tuttlingen, Germany	for baseplating
Buprenorphine		INDIVIOR; UK	for surgery
Carprofen	Rimadyl	Zoetis; Exton, PA	analgesia
Ceftazidime		Taiwan Biotech; Taiwan	prevent infection
Data Acquisition PCB for UCLA Miniscope	purchased on https://www.labmaker.org/collections/neuroscience/products/data-aquistion-system-daq		for baseplating
Dental cement set	Tempron	GC Corp; Tokyo, Japan	for testing dental cement
Dental cement set	Tokuso Curefast	Tokuyama Dental Corp.; Tokyo, Japan	for testing dental cement/surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Dual Lab Standard with Mouse and Rat Adaptors	#51673	Stoelting Co; Illinois, USA	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Duratear ointment		Alcon; Geneva, Switzerland	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Ibuprofen		YungShin; Taiwan	analgesia
Isoflurane		Panion & BF Biotech INC.; Taoyuan, Taiwan	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Inscopix	nVista System	Inscopix; Palo Alto, CA	for comparison with V3 UCLA Miniscope
Ketamine		Pfizer; NY, NY	for euthanasia
Normal saline			for surgery
Micro bulldog clamps	#12.102.04	Dimedo; Tuttlingen, Germany	for lens implantation
Microliter Microsyringes, 2.0 µL, 25 gauge	#88400	Hamilton; Bonaduz, Switzerland	for viral injection
Molding silicone rubber	ZA22 Thixo	Zhermack; Badia Polesine, Italy	for dummy baseplating
Objective Gradient index (GRIN) lens	#64519	Edmund Optics; NJ, USA	for dummy baseplating/baseplating
Parafilm	#PM996	Bemis; Neenah, USA	for dummy baseplating
Portable Suction	#DF-750	Doctor's Friend Medical Instrument Co., Inc., Taichung, Taiwan	for surgery
Relay GRIN lens	#1050-002177	Inscopix; Palo Alto, CA, USA	for dummy baseplating/baseplating
Stainless steel anchor screws	1.00 mm diameter, total length 3.00 mm		for surgery
Stereo microscope	#SL720	Sage Vison; New Taipei City, Taiwan	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Stereotaxic apparatus	#51673	Stoelting; IL, USA	for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
UV Cure Adhesive	#3321	Loctite; Düsseldorf, Germany	for testing dental cement
V3 UCLA Miniscope	purchased on https://www.labmaker.org/products/miniscope-complete-set-of-components		for surgery/dummy baseplating/baseplating
Xylazine	X1126	Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO	for euthanasia
Xylocaine pump spray 10%		AstraZeneca; Södertälje, Sweden	for surgery