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用视觉世界范式研究自闭症普通话儿童的句子理解
Chapters
Summary
Please note that all translations are automatically generated.
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我们提出一个协议, 以检查形态学线索在儿童的实时句子理解的自闭症。
Transcript
这些方法可以帮助回答理解自闭症儿童语言能力的关键问题,例如他们是否能够同时使用语言和非语言信息理解句子。该方法的主要优点是,它对于句子理解的时间代码很敏感,需要最少的任务和沟通需求。此方法只需将眼动记录为对语言输入的自动响应,而不要求参与者对输入进行有意识的判断,从而显著减少参与者的计算模型。
首先构造由12个视觉目标项组成的测试刺激,以及包含形态标记BA和BA的两个口语句子。从图像编辑软件中的模板创建可视图像,其中每个图像包含两张图片。双击模板以打开它。
从弹出式菜单中调整宽度、高度、分辨率和颜色深度。输入相关参数。然后,反转两个图片中两个字符的事件角色。
单击文件导出。接下来,设置麦克风并打开音频编辑软件来构造口语句子。从新菜单中选择"录制单声道声音"。
单击 44,100 赫兹的采样率选项来设置录制条件。单击"录制"按钮。最后,通过请一位北京本地普通话的母语人士以儿童指导的方式生成句子来记录口语句子。
单击"保存"来保存录制内容。首先让学员坐在远程眼动仪的显示屏前。将参与者的眼睛和监视器之间的距离设置为 60 厘米左右。
通过要求学员随机连续固定五个固定目标的网格,执行标准校准和验证过程。然后,请学员在观看图片时收听口语。让一名实验者在计算机上监视参与者,一名实验者站在学员身后,轻轻地将双手放在参与者的肩膀上,以尽量减少参与者的突然动作。
接下来,让学员完成任务,以测量作为对语言输入的自动响应而出现的眼部运动。任务完成后,通过选择工具栏上的一个兴趣区域形状图标,并在要定义为兴趣区域的区域周围绘制一个框,查看数据并定义两个兴趣区域,即 BA 目标事件区域和 BEI 目标事件区域。在"兴趣区域设置"文件夹中保存兴趣区域。
最后,从菜单中选择"兴趣周期管理器",将时间窗口设置为每 200 毫秒进行分析一次。使用相同的函数将感兴趣区域中的固定比例锁定到每个试验的标记的开始,并使用"兴趣区域报告"函数将原始数据导出到 Excel 文件中。使用 Excel 函数对每个区域的标记开始之后固定比例进行平均。
然后,使用 Excel 函数计算从两个区域的标记开始开始 5,200 毫秒的期间内,每个时间窗口 200 毫秒的固定比例。结果表明,孤独症组显示的眼动模式与年龄匹配的TD组相似。当听到BA,然后听到BA时,两组都表现出对BA目标事件更多的固定,当听到BA时,发生在物体np的发病和副词开始之前。
具体说来,该事件发生在 TD 组中的窗口之间 1,400 和 1,600 毫秒。然而,这种效应发生在自闭症组在1,800到2,000毫秒之间的窗口。该范式在发展之后,已经成功地用于测试典型的儿童语言能力。
我们的实验室现在已经将范式扩展到了自闭症学前儿童的语言理解能力研究。请记住,我们正在与特殊人群合作,自闭症儿童经常表现出各种具有挑战性的行为或症状,特别是在不熟悉的环境中,因此需要在测试之前和测试期间格外小心。在实验之前,实验者必须使实验者适应实验环境。
在测试期间,实验者可能需要重定向参与者并提示他们多次重新排列到计算机屏幕。
Tags
行为 问题 140 眼球追踪 视觉世界范式 语言线索 形态学标记 儿童语言 实时句子理解Related Videos
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