miRNA therapeutics have significant potential in regulating cancer progression. Demonstrated here are analytical approaches used for identification of the activity of a combinatorial miRNA treatment in halting cell cycle and angiogenesis.
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Method Article
Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
In This Article
Erratum Notice
Important: There has been an erratum issued for this article. View Erratum Notice
Summary
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Similar to other cancer cells, a fundamental characteristic of LC cells is unregulated proliferation and cell division. Inhibition of proliferation by halting cell cycle progression has been shown to be a promising approach for cancer treatment, including LC.
miRNA therapeutics have emerged as important post-transcriptional gene regulators and are increasingly being studied for use in cancer treatment. In recent work, we utilized two miRNAs, miR-143 and miR-506, to regulate cell cycle progression. A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were transfected, gene expression alterations were analyzed, and apoptotic activity due to the treatment was finally analyzed. Downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) were detected (i.e., CDK1, CDK4 and CDK6), and cell cycle halted at the G1/S and G2/M phase transitions. Pathway analysis indicated potential antiangiogenic activity of the treatment, which endows the approach with multifaceted activity. Here, described are the methodologies used to identify miRNA activity regarding cell cycle inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and effects of treatment on endothelial cells by inhibition of angiogenesis. It is hoped that the methods presented here will support future research on miRNA therapeutics and corresponding activity and that the representative data will guide other researchers during experimental analyses.
Introduction
The cell cycle is a combination of multiple regulatory events that allow duplication of DNA and cell proliferation through the mitotic process1. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate and promote the cell cycle2. Among them, the mitotic CDK (CDK1) and interphase CDKs (CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6) have a pivotal role in cell cycle progression3. Retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is phosphorylated by the CDK4/CDK6 complex to allow cell cycle progression4, and CDK1 activation is essential for successful cell division5. Numerous CDK inhibitors have been developed an....
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Protocol
1. miR-143 and miR-506 transfection
CAUTION: Use latex gloves, protective eyeglasses, and a laboratory coat while performing the described experiments. When required, use the biosafety cabinet with the cabinet fan on, without blocking the airways or disturbing the laminar airflow. Always set the protecting glass window to the appropriate height, as described by the manufacturer.
- Seed NSCLC A549 cells in a T25 cm2 flask/6/96 well plate in DMEM/F12K media supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (culture media) in a tissue culture hood and incubate overnight at 37 °C with 5% CO2 in a tiss....
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Results
Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR and gel electrophoresis
Differential gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR demonstrated significant downregulation of the targeted genes CDK1, CDK4, and CDK6. CDK1 and CDK4/6 were shown to be instrumental for the G2/M and G1/S transitions, respectively. The performed analysis allowed direct comparison between individual miRs and combinatorial miR activity. The use of scram.......
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Discussion
miRNAs can operate as targeted therapies for cancer treatment, recognizing the dysregulation of expression levels in diseased vs. normal tissues. This study aimed to determine miRNAs that potentially halt cell cycle progression during multiple stages. It was identified that miR-143 and miR-506 halt the cell cycle of cancer cells, and the presented protocols aimed to comprehend the activity of this combinatorial miRNA treatment.
The described methodologies provide an overarching understanding o.......
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Disclosures
The authors would like to acknowledge John Caskey at Louisiana State University for his assistance on the pathway analysis of the RNA sequencing data, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, McDermott Center Next Generation Sequencing Core for performing the RNA sequencing and data analysis. This research was supported by the College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe start-up funding, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the National Institute of General Medical Science Grants 5 P20 GM103424-15, 3 P20 GM103424-15S1.
Acknowledgements
No conflicts of interest are declared.
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Materials
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| -80 °C Freezer | VWR | VWR40086A | |
| 96 well plate | CELLTREAT Scientific | 50-607-511 | |
| 96-well Microwell Plates | Thermo Scientific | 12-556-008 | |
| A549 Non Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells | ATCC | ATCC CCL-185 | |
| Agarose | VWR | 0710-25G | |
| Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer | Agilent Technologies | G2938c | |
| Ambion Silencer Negative Control No. 1 siRNA | Ambion | AM4611 | |
| Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution (100x) | Gibco | 15240-062 | |
| Antibody Array Assay Kit, 2 Reactions | Full Moon Bio | KAS02 | |
| Bright field microscope | Microscoptics | IV-900 | |
| Bright field microscope | New Star Environment LLC | ||
| Cell Cycle Antibody Array, 2 Slides | Full Moon Bio | ACC058 | |
| Cell Logic+ Biosafety Cabinate | Labconco | 342391100 | |
| Cellquest Pro | BD bioscience | Steps 5.14; 6.13: Used for calculating the population distrubution according to the cell cycle phase and for calculating the population distribution for the analysis of apoptosis | |
| CFX96 Real Time System | BioRad | CFX96 Optics Module | |
| Chemidoc Touch Imaging System | BioRad | Chemidoc Touch Imaging System | |
| CO2 Incubator | Thermo Scientific | HERAcell 150i | |
| Cultrex Reduced Growth Factor Basement Membrane Matrix | Trevigen | 3433-010-01 | |
| Digital Camera | AmScope | FMA050 | |
| DMEM 4.5 g/L Glucose, w/out Sodium Pyruvate, w/ L-Glutamine | VWR | VWRL0100-0500 | |
| DNAse I | Zymo Research | E1010 | |
| Endothelial Cell Growth Supplement (ECGS) | BD Biosciences | 356006 | |
| Eppendorf Pipette Pick-A-Pack Sets | Eppendrof | 05-403-152 | |
| Ethanol, Absolute (200 Proof), Molecular Biology Grade, | Fisher BioReagents | BP2818500 | |
| Ethidium bromide | Alfa acar | L07462 | |
| F-12K Nutrient Mixture (Kaighn's Mod.) with L-glutamine, Corning | Corning | 45000-354 | |
| FACS Calibur Flowcytometer | Becton Dickinson | ||
| Fetal Bovine Serum - Premium | Antlanta Biologicals | S11150 | |
| Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) | Fisher Scientific | 10438026 | |
| Fisherbrand Basix Microcentrifuge Tubes with Standard Snap Caps | Fisherbrand Basix | 02-682-002 | |
| Forma Series II water Jacket CO2 incubator | Thermo Scientific | ||
| Heparin Solution (5000 U/mL) | Hospira | NDC#63739-920-11 | |
| Horixontal Electrophoresis system | Benchtop lab system | BT102 | |
| hsa-miR-143-3p miRNA Mimic | ABM | MCH01315 | |
| hsa-miR-506-3p miRNA Mimic | ABM | MCH02824 | |
| Human Recombinant Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) | Thermo Scientific | PHC9394 | |
| Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) | Individual donors | IRB# A15-3891 | |
| HyClone Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) | Fisher Scientific | SH30256FS | |
| Ingenuity Pathway Analysis | Qiagen | Results: Used for bioinformatics pathway analysis | |
| Invitrogen UltraPure DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water | Invitrogen | 10-977-015 | |
| Lipofectamine 2000 | Invitrogen | 11-668-027 | |
| Loading dye 10X | ward's science+ | 470024-814 | |
| Medium M199 (with Earle′s salts, L-glutamine and sodium bicarbonate) | Sigma Aldrich | M4530 | |
| Microscope Digital Camera | AmScope | MU130 | |
| Modfit LT | Verity Software | Step 5.15: Alternative software for analysis of cell cycle population distributions | |
| Nanodrop | Thermo Scientific | NanoDrop one C | |
| Opti-MEM | Gibco by life technologies | 31985-070 | |
| Penicillin-streptomycin 10/10 | Antlanta Biologicals | B21210 | |
| Power UP sybr green master mix | Applied Biosystems | A25780 | |
| Propidium Iodide | MP Biochemicals LLC | IC19545825 | |
| Proscanarray HT Microarray scanner | Perkin elmer | ASCNPHRG. We used excitation laser wavelength at 543 nm. | |
| q PCR optical adhesive cover | Applied Biosystems | 4360954 | |
| Quick-RNA Kits | Zymo Research | R1055 | |
| Ribonuclease A from Bovine pancreas | Sigma | R6513-50MG | |
| ScanArray Express | PerkinElmer | Step 7.33: Microarray analysis software | |
| Shaker | Thermo Scientific | 2314 | |
| SimpliAmp Thermal Cycler | Applied Biosystems | ||
| SpectraTube Centrifuge Tubes 15ml | VWR | 470224-998 | |
| SpectraTube Centrifuge Tubes 50ml | VWR | 470225-004 | |
| TBS Buffer, 20x liquid | VWR | 10791-796 | |
| Temperature controlled centrifuge matchine | Thermo Scientific | ST16R | |
| Temperature controlled micro centrifuge matchine | Eppendrof | 5415R | |
| Thermo Scientific BioLite Cell Culture Treated Flasks | Thermo Scientific | 12-556-009 | |
| Thermo Scientific Pierce BCA Protein Assay | Thermo Scientific | PI23225 | |
| Thermo Scientific Pierce RIPA Buffer | Thermo Scientific | PI89900 | |
| Thermo Scientific Thermo-Fast 96-Well Full-Skirted Plates | Thermo Scientific | AB0800WL | |
| Thermo Scientific Verso cDNA synthesis Kit (100 runs) | Thermo Scientific | AB1453B | |
| Ultra Low Range DNA Ladder | Invitrogen | 10597012 | |
| VWR standard solid door laboratory refrigerator | VWR |
References
- Schafer, K. A. The cell cycle: a review. Veternary Pathology. 35 (6), 461-478 (1998).
- Barnum, K. J., O'Connell, M. J. Cell cycle regulation by checkpoints. Methods in Molecular Biology. 1170, 29-40 (2014).
- Malumbres, M., Barbacid, M.
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Reprints and Permissions
Erratum
Formal Correction: Erratum: Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
Posted by JoVE Editors on 4/26/2019. Citeable Link.
An erratum was issued for: Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis. An author name was updated.
One of the authors' names was corrected from:
George Matthaiolampakis
to:
George Mattheolabakis
