Biology
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Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
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Summary August 4th, 2021
Despite the advancements in multiplex immunohistochemistry and multispectral imaging, characterizing the density and clustering of major immune cells simultaneously in the endometrium remains a challenge. This paper describes a detailed multiplex staining protocol and imaging for the simultaneous localization of four immune cell types in the endometrium.
Transcript
The present technology allows the use of antibody raised in the same species for detecting up to seven markers. Demonstrating the procedure will be Loucia Chan, a technician from the laboratory. Begin by preparing the formalin fixed paraffin embedded glass slides mounted with the tissue sample, by placing the slides flat in an oven, to bake at 60 degrees celsius with the tissue facing upwards.
After one hour, de-wax and rehydrate the slides per 10 minutes each with the series of chemicals, as described in the manuscript. Submerge the slides in tris-buffered saline, and then in a plastic slide box filled with a mixture of formaldehyde diluted in methanol, to fix the samples. Next, wash the slides twice in deionized water for two minutes.
Proceed to epitope retrieval, by placing the rack of slides in a heat resistance box filled with citric acid buffer at pH 6.0. And then placing the box in the microwave, to heat the slides first at 100%power for 50 seconds, followed by 20 minutes at 20%power, to maintain the same temperature. After rinsing the slides in distilled water, and washing with TBST, immerse the slide into a jar containing a peroxidation blocking solution for 10 minutes.
After the incubation, rinse the slides in distilled water and wash with TBST, then use a hydrophobic barrier pen to mark a boundary around the tissue section on the slide. Then rinse the slide in TBST, cover the tissue sections with the blocking buffer and incubate the slides in a humidified chamber for 15 minutes. To remove the blocking reagents, first incubate the slides with the primary antibody of interest, and then remove the primary antibody by washing the slides thrice with TBST, before incubation with the polymer horseradish peroxidase labeled, secondary antibody.
Following the incubation, wash the slides before applying the Opal flora for TSA working solution, and then rinse the slide with the antigen retrieval buffer. Perform the microwave-based stripping by heating the slides in antigen retrieval buffer in a microwave at 100%power, for 50 seconds, followed by 20%power for 20 minutes in the microwave safe containers. After cooling the samples at room temperature for 15 minutes, rinse the slides in distilled water and TBST and later incubate with dappy solution for five minutes.
Then air dry the slide before mounting with the appropriate mounting medium. Before imaging of the slides preset the appropriate filters in the workstation. Capture a minimum of 10 fields for analysis under 200 times magnification.
To count the cells, click on the count objects button in the step bar, to display the object counting settings panel. If the tissue has been segmented, select the tissue category in which the objects are to be found. Then select the desired signal scaling from auto-scale or fixed scale.
For object segmentation, select the primary component from the drop-down list. To detect objects touching other objects as individual and not combined objects, check the maximum size and pixels box and then opt for the refined splitting. Next, count all stromal cells in the immune cells separately, to express the data as the percentages of the immune cells relative to the total number of stromal cells for each captured image.
Later, report the final cell count as an average of all fields. Using the view editor, examine the resulting data tables post-processing and then export the count data table. In the representative analysis, four immune cell types in the endometrium sample we're differentiated.
The processed image shows tissue segmentation as epithelial, and stromal compartments. The multiplex immunostaining was performed on the endometrial biopsies from a fertile control woman and a woman with unexplained recurrent miscarriage, single floor for us representing CD3, CD56, CD68, and CD20 were revealed in the immunostaining. Once the immune sound has been identified, further staining under the cytokine can help to address their interaction and mechanism for implantation success.
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