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The Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) is a peer reviewed, PubMed-indexed video journal. Our mission is to increase the productivity of scientific research.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents: Issue 61, March 2012

Jump to:  JoVE Editorial (1) JoVE General (19) JoVE Neuroscience (10) JoVE Immunology and Infection (10) JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine (7) JoVE Bioengineering (7) JoVE Errata (2)
 JoVE General

Avidity-based Extracellular Interaction Screening (AVEXIS) for the Scalable Detection of Low-affinity Extracellular Receptor-Ligand Interactions


JoVE 3881

,

Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

Date Published: March 5, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3881  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Molecular Biology, Receptor-ligand pairs, Extracellular protein interactions, AVEXIS, Adhesion receptors, Transient/weak interactions, High throughput screening

 JoVE General

Expression and Purification of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae


JoVE 3860

, , ,

Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester

Date Published: March 10, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3860  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Molecular Biology, Membrane protein, cystic fibrosis, CFTR, protein expression, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, expression system, green fluorescent protein

 JoVE General

The ITS2 Database


JoVE 3806

1,2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

1Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 2Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg

Date Published: March 12, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3806  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Genetics, alignment, internal transcribed spacer 2, molecular systematics, secondary structure, ribosomal RNA, phylogenetic tree, homology modeling, phylogeny

 JoVE General

Determining the Contribution of the Energy Systems During Exercise


JoVE 3413

1, 2, 1,3, 1, 1, 4

1Laboratory of Applied Nutrition, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, 2Aerobic Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, 3Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, 4Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo

Date Published: March 20, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3413  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Physiology, aerobic metabolism, anaerobic alactic metabolism, anaerobic lactic metabolism, exercise, athletes, mathematical model

 JoVE General

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry


JoVE 3766

1, 2, 2, 1,2,3,4

1Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, 2Department of Biology, University of Florida, 3Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, 4Genetics Institute, University of Florida

Date Published: March 24, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3766  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Genetics, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst), redox proteome, cysteine-reactive tandem mass tag (cysTMT), LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

 JoVE General

Endothelial Cell Co-culture Mediates Maturation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell to Pancreatic Insulin Producing Cells in a Directed Differentiation Approach


JoVE 3759

1, 1,2

1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 2Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh

Date Published: March 27, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3759  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Stem Cell Biology, Human embryonic stem cells, Endothelial cells, Pancreatic differentiation, Co-culture

 JoVE General

In vivo Electroporation of Morpholinos into the Regenerating Adult Zebrafish Tail Fin


JoVE 3632

1, 2, 3

1Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Zebrafish Research, University of Notre Dame, 2Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 3Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, Wayne State University School of Medicine

Date Published: March 29, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3632  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Developmental Biology, Electroporation, morpholino, zebrafish, fin, regeneration

 JoVE General

Sexual Development and Ascospore Discharge in Fusarium graminearum


JoVE 3895

1, 2, 3, 2,4

1Genetics Program, Michigan State University, 2Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, 3Human Biology Program, Michigan State University, 4Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University

Date Published: March 29, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3895  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Plant Biology, Ascospores, perithecia, forcible discharge, mycotoxin, conidia, development

 JoVE General

Isolation and Biophysical Study of Fruit Cuticles


JoVE 3529

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1

1Department of Chemistry, City College of New York, City University of New York Graduate Center and Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, 2Department of Chemical Engineering, City College of New York

Date Published: March 30, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3529  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Biophysics, Plant Biology, Tomato, cuticle, dewaxing, cutin, solid-state NMR, contact mode AFM

 JoVE General

Fruit Volatile Analysis Using an Electronic Nose


JoVE 3821

1, 2, 3, 1

1Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of California, Davis, 3Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis

Date Published: March 30, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3821  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Plant Biology, zNose, volatile profiling, aroma, Kovats Index, electronic nose, gas chromatography, retention time shift

 JoVE General

Affinity Precipitation of Active Rho-GEFs Using a GST-tagged Mutant Rho Protein (GST-RhoA(G17A)) from Epithelial Cell Lysates


JoVE 3932

1,2, 1,2, 1,2, 3, 1,2

1Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 2Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 3Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Date Published: March 31, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3932  |  Section: JoVE General

Keywords: Molecular Biology, Rho Family Small GTPases, Guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEFs), Affinity Precipitation Assay, expression of proteins in E. Coli, Purification of GST-tagged Protein, microbead assay

 JoVE Neuroscience

Large-scale Recording of Neurons by Movable Silicon Probes in Behaving Rodents


JoVE 3568

1,2, 1, 1,3, 1, 1, 1,4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

1Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of New Jersey, 2Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, 3Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howards Hughes Medical Institute, 4Deptartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee

Date Published: March 4, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3568  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, neuronal networks, hippocampus, neocortex, local field potential, multi-unit activity, freely moving electrophysiology, rodent

 JoVE Neuroscience

A Polished and Reinforced Thinned-skull Window for Long-term Imaging of the Mouse Brain


JoVE 3742

1, 1, 2,3, 1, 1,4

1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, 2Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, 4Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego

Date Published: March 7, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3742  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, cranial window, craniotomy, two-photon microscopy, blood flow, dendrite, optogenetics, cortex, capillary, microglia, chronic, mouse

 JoVE Neuroscience

Methods to Assay Drosophila Behavior


JoVE 3795

1, 1, 2

1Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center

Date Published: March 7, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3795  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, Drosophila, locomotor dysfunction, courtship, larval crawling, RING assay, neurodegeneration

 JoVE Neuroscience

Dissection and Culture of Mouse Dopaminergic and Striatal Explants in Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Assays


JoVE 3691

, ,

Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht

Date Published: March 23, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3691  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, Axon guidance, collagen matrix, development, dissection, dopamine, medium spiny neuron, rat tail collagen, striatum, striatonigral, mesostriatal

 JoVE Neuroscience

Dissection of Adult Mouse Utricle and Adenovirus-mediated Supporting-cell Infection


JoVE 3734

1, 2, 3, 3

1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 2Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 3National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health

Date Published: March 28, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3734  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, Hair cell, ototoxicity, hearing loss, organ culture

 JoVE Neuroscience

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex


JoVE 3802

1, 2, 2

1Neuroinformatics DTC, University of Edinburgh, 2Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh

Date Published: March 28, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3802  |  Section: JoVE Neuroscience

Keywords: Neuroscience, Parasagittal slice, Medial Entorhinal Cortex, Stellate cell, Grid cell, Synaptic integration, Topographic map

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly


JoVE 3645

1, 2, 2, 2, 1

1Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, 2Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside

Date Published: March 1, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3645  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, Agrobacterium, Brome mosaic virus, Nicotiana benthamiana, encapsidation, dissociation, in vitro assembly, Nano technology

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Glass Wool Filters for Concentrating Waterborne Viruses and Agricultural Zoonotic Pathogens


JoVE 3930

1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 1, 3

1Wisconsin Water Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 2University of Wisconsin – Madison, 3Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 4Alaska Science Center, United States Geological Survey

Date Published: March 3, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3930  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, avian influenza virus, environmental sampling, Cryptosporidium, pathogen concentration, Salmonella, water, waterborne disease, waterborne pathogens

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Use of Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay to Characterize Novel T-cell Epitopes of Human Papillomavirus


JoVE 3657

1, 2, 3, 3, 3

1Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 3Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences

Date Published: March 8, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3657  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, Interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay, T-cell, epitope, human papillomavirus

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Imaging of HIV-1 Envelope-induced Virological Synapse and Signaling on Synthetic Lipid Bilayers


JoVE 3757

*1,2, *2,3, 1,2, 1,2, 2, 1,4

1Department of Pathology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, 2Program in Molecular Pathogenesis, Marty and Helen Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine and Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine, 3Laboratory of Molecular Immunogenetics, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4Veteran Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System

Date Published: March 8, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3757  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, TIRF microscopy, planar bilayer, HIV envelope, virological synapse

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Infection of Zebrafish Embryos with Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens


JoVE 3781

1, 2, 3, 3, 1, 1

1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 3Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University

Date Published: March 15, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3781  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, Zebrafish embryo, innate immunity, macrophages, infection, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, micro-injection, fluorescence imaging, Danio rerio

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Customization of Aspergillus niger Morphology Through Addition of Talc Micro Particles


JoVE 4023

, , , ,

Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig

Date Published: March 15, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/4023  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, morphology engineering, Morphology number (Mn), filamentous fungi, fructofuranosidase, micro particles, image analysis

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology


JoVE 3721

1, 2, 3

1Biosciences, University of Exeter, 2BICMS, Queen Mary University of London, 3St. Bartholomew's Hospital and The London NHS Trust

Date Published: March 22, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3721  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, acute myeloid leukemia, bone marrow transplant, diagnosis, monoclonal antibody, lateral-flow technology

 JoVE Immunology and Infection

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins


JoVE 3892

, ,

Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health

Date Published: March 22, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3892  |  Section: JoVE Immunology and Infection

Keywords: Immunology, Gene delivery, primary cells, T cells, fluorescence microscopy, total internal reflection fluorescence, T cell receptor, signaling

 JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

MRI-guided Disruption of the Blood-brain Barrier using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model


JoVE 3555

1, 1,2, 1,2, 1,3

1Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, 2Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 3Department of Medical Biophysics, and Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering (IBBME), University of Toronto

Date Published: March 13, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3555  |  Section: JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Keywords: Medicine, Blood-Brain Barrier, Focused Ultrasound, Therapeutic Ultrasound, Ultrasound Bioeffects, Microbubbles, Drug Delivery

 JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)


JoVE 3936

1, 1, 1, 1,2, 1,2, 1

1Dept. of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, 2DFG Research Center for the Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CMPB), Göttingen, Germany

Date Published: March 17, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3936  |  Section: JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Keywords: Medicine, neuroscience, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS, spinal cord, mouse, rotarod, hanging wire

 JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure


JoVE 3704

1, 1,2

1Program in Developmental Biology, Children's Memorial Research Center, 2Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University

Date Published: March 20, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3704  |  Section: JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Keywords: Medicine, Zebrafish, fetal alcohol exposure, Danio rerio, development, mRNA expression, morpholino, ethanol exposure

 JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism


JoVE 3675

1, 2

1School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 2Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Date Published: March 27, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3675  |  Section: JoVE Clinical and Translational Medicine

Keywords: Medicine, eye tracking, autism, neurodevelopmental disorders, toddlers, perception, attention, social cognition

 JoVE Bioengineering

Alginate Microcapsule as a 3D Platform for Propagation and Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESC) to Different Lineages


JoVE 3608

1, 1, 2, 1, 3

1Stem Cell Lab, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, 2Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 3Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital

Date Published: March 9, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3608  |  Section: JoVE Bioengineering

Keywords: Bioengineering, Alginate microcapsule, 3D platform, embryonic stem cells, definitive endoderm, dopaminergic neurons

 JoVE Bioengineering

Spatio-Temporal Manipulation of Small GTPase Activity at Subcellular Level and on Timescale of Seconds in Living Cells


JoVE 3794

1, 1, 1,2, 1,2, 2, 1,3, 1

1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, 2Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University

Date Published: March 9, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3794  |  Section: JoVE Bioengineering

Keywords: Bioengineering, Small GTPase, rapamycin, caged compound, spatiotemporal control, heterodimerization, FKBP, FRB, light irradiation

 JoVE Bioengineering

Monitoring the Reductive and Oxidative Half-Reactions of a Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenase using Stopped-Flow Spectrophotometry


JoVE 3803

, ,

Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Date Published: March 18, 2012  |  doi:10.3791/3803  |  Section: JoVE Bioengineering

Keywords: Bioengineering, Stopped-flow, kinetic mechanism, SidA, C4a-hydroperoxyflavin, monooxygenase, Aspergillus fumigatus

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